【作者】 吴云飞；

【导师】 杨美传；

【作者基本信息】 西南交通大学 ， 车辆工程， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 作为高速列车的关键技术之一,制动系统是列车高速、安全、稳定运行的保障。目前高速列车所用制动方式为空气制动与电制动共同组成的空电复合制动。空气制动与电制动均属于粘着制动,受粘着限制。另外,在高速条件下,频繁使用空气制动会加快基础制动装置的磨耗。本文研究的线性轨道涡流制动是通过电磁铁与钢轨之间的电磁效应产生制动力,属于非粘着制动,且在列车高速运行时能够提供稳定的制动力。本文首先介绍了国内高速铁路技术的发展,研究轨道涡流制动的背景、意义以及国内外涡流制动技术的研究现状。给出涡流制动系统的整体布置方案并分析其工作原理,根据工作原理将涡流制动系统分为电磁系统与机械系统两部分进行研究分析。对电磁系统的整流部分、直流斩波部分与励磁电路部分的电路结构与控制原理进行了分析;对机械系统的功能特点进行分析,给出一种机械系统布置方案,并绘制二维与三维原理示意图。从涡流制动机理出发,绘制了电磁铁与钢轨原理三维示意图,取其中一对磁极进行理论分析。结合电磁场理论,通过分析推导出涡流制动力与吸引力的数学模型,并运用MATLAB进行仿真分析。通过仿真结果分析了速度、励磁电流以及气隙对制动力与吸引力的影响,同时分析了吸引力对列车制动性能的影响。结合列车各制动方式的特点,制定制动力分配方案,并运用MATLAB/Simulink软件建立了制动力分配模型。同时文章根据涡流制动电磁系统各组成部分的原理建立了电路仿真模型,并仿真分析了各部分的性能。将制动力分配模型与电磁系统模型连接在一起构成了涡流制动系统仿真模型。根据涡流制动系统仿真模型,分析了8级常用制动时励磁电流、涡流制动力、制动减速度以及速度的变化曲线。同时运用仿真模型对制动力切换工况与接触网故障工况等两种特殊工况进行了仿真分析。最后,根据涡流制动系统仿真模型,改变列车速度节点值、励磁电流最大值、气隙进行仿真分析,对比仿真结果得出三大参数的最佳值。将最佳值带入模型进行仿真分析,仿真结果显示通过参数优化后,涡流制动性能得到改善。更多还原

【Abstract】 As one of the key technology of high-speed train,the braking system is the assurance of high speed,safe and stable operation of train.In the future with the development of high-speed train technology,train operation speed will be further improved.At present,the braking mode used in the EMU is an composite braking combined with air brake and electric brake.Both air brake and electric brake are adhesive brake,which is limited by adhesion,another frequently used air brake under the condition of high speed will accelerate the abrasion of brake disc.In this paper,the linear track eddy current braking is the electromagnetic force produced by the electromagnet and rail,which belongs to non stick braking.Firstly,this paper introduces the development of high-speed railway technology in China,studies the background and significance of eddy current braking,and the research status of eddy current braking technology at home and abroad.Secondly,the overall layout of the eddy current braking system is presented and its working principle is analyzed.According to the working principle,the eddy current braking system is divided into two parts:electromagnetic system and mechanical system.The electromagnetic system of rectifier,DC chopper and excitation circuit part of the circuit and control principle are analyzed;According to analysis of the function characteristics of the mechanical system,we present the scheme of a mechanical system,and draws the schematic diagram of two and three dimensions.Thirdly,Based on the eddy current braking mechanism,a three-dimensional model of electromagnet and rail is established.Based on the theory of electromagnetic field,the theoretical formula of eddy current power and electromagnetic attraction is deduced and analyzed by Matlab.The influence of speed,excitation current and the length of air gap on the braking force and attraction are analyzed by simulation results.Then,according to the characteristics of the train braking modes,the braking force distribution scheme is established,and the braking force distribution model is established by using Matlab/Simulink software.At the same time,according to the principle of eddy current braking system,the circuit simulation model is established,and the performance of each part is analyzed.The braking force distribution model and the electromagnetic system model are combined to form the eddy current braking system simulation model.Afterwards.Based on the simulation model of eddy current braking system,the variation curves of excitation current,eddy current braking force,braking deceleration and speed are analyzed in 8 common braking systems.At the same time,the simulation model is used to simulate the two kinds of special operation conditions,such as the switching condition of power system and the fault condition of catenary.At last,according to the simulation model of the eddy current braking system,the change of the node value of the train speed,the maximum of the exciting current and the length of the air gap are analyzed.The simulation results show that the optimal values of the three parameters are obtained.The optimal value is brought into the model for simulation analysis.The simulation results show that the eddy current braking performance can be improved by optimizing the parameters.更多还原