【作者】 孙斌；

【导师】 郭伟；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 机械工程， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 全断面岩石隧道掘进机TBM(Tunneling Boring Machine),是一种高度自动化的大型隧道掘进设备,尤其是针对大长隧道的掘进,相对于普通矿山法具有显著的优势。近年来,我国有更多的隧道工程采用TBM方法施工,如在铁路公路穿山、地铁隧道、跨海隧道以及大型饮水工程等方面均多采用TBM法施工。目前国内使用的TBM设备在应对多变复杂地质状况时多存在布局于TBM刀盘上的滚刀破坏严重、换刀频率过高及滚刀非正常破坏等现象。因此,本文对TBM刀盘滚刀的破岩机理、滚刀受力及滚刀在刀盘上的布局进行了深入研究,最终形成了完整的滚刀布局设计体系。研究内容主要包括以下方面:(1)重点分析了中心滚刀的受力状况,提出了引起中心滚刀破坏的不平衡侧向压力计算模型,并依据该受力机理对中心滚刀进行了重新布局。通过对现有得到较为广泛认可的CSM滚刀受力模型深入分析的基础上,基于滚刀破岩的实际状况,提出了一种改进的CSM受力模型。选用NX-Nastran有限元分析软件对滚刀刀圈进行有限元受力分析来校核其强度,并与实验数据及其他滚刀受力模型对比验证了改进CSM模型的正确性和优越性。依据侧向力产生的原因提出了针对中心滚增加一倾斜角的布局新方式。(2)提出了变速螺旋线滚刀布局设计方法。基于滚刀破岩量差异最小化思想对正滚刀布局建立了多目标优化设计模型,对极径与极角分步优化设计,利用遗传算法对正滚刀极径的优化模型求解,再利用NSGA-Ⅱ算法对其极角进行多目标优化模型求解。通过以TB880E刀盘滚刀布局为算例,对正滚刀进行重新布局设计并与原有刀盘滚刀布置对比得出:不平衡径向力、刀盘倾覆力矩、正滚刀破岩量方差均有很大程度减小,更利于正滚刀的均衡磨损。滚刀整体布局质心也更靠近刀盘中心。(3)提出针对边滚刀布局设计方法。结合本文提出的变速螺旋线滚刀布置设计方法,基于磨损差异最小化思想对边滚刀建立多目标优化模型,同样采用极径与极角分步设计方法,利用遗传算法对边滚刀极径和倾角模型优化设计,再利用NSGA-Ⅱ算法对其极角模型求解。通过以TB880E刀盘滚刀布置为算例,在中心滚刀与正滚到重新布局设计基础上对边滚刀进行了重新布局优化设计并与原刀盘对比得出:不平衡径向力、刀盘倾覆力矩、滚刀磨损量方差均有很大程度减小,更利于边滚刀的均衡磨损。滚刀整体布局质心也更靠近刀盘中心。更多还原

【Abstract】 TBM(Tunneling Boring Machine)is a highly automatic large-scale tunnel drivage machinery equipment,which has a great advantage over ordinary mining method especially for big-long tunnel.These years,tunnel projects implemented by TBM are increasingly growing in quantity,such as mountain railway,subway tunnel,undersea tunnel,and large water project,etc.So far,the disc cutter on TBM devices often face with seriously destruction,frequently change,and other abnormal damages.Therefore,based on deep research of the rock breaking mechanism,force analysis,and the cutterhead layout of TBM disc cutter,this paper proposed an integrated disc cutter’ layout design method,main content of which are as follows:(1)Emphatically research on the force of disc cutters which are placed near the center of the cutter-head,and through this research,the unbalanced force model of center disk cutter is proposed.Based on the physical truth of the disc cutter cutting rock and the force analysis of the original CSM model,the improved CSM model is proposed.The NX-Nastran software is used to analysis the disc cutter’s force and its strength is checked.Then the calculation of original CSM mode,other existed force model in domestic and foreign,and the experimental data are compared,the improved CSM model has been verified more accurate.Based on the reason of unbalanced force existed,the new center disk cutter layout method is proposed.(2)A generalized layout design method is proposed for front disc cutter.Based on the basic principle of TBM disc cutter layout and analysis of spiral cutter decorating rule,this paper described a brand new layout design method of disk cutter’ layout design by spiral.Under theory of making minimum difference in rock-broken volume,we established a multi-objective optimization model through two step optimizing method of polar radius and angle.Then genetic algorithm is used to make further optimization,and finally NSGA-II algorithm is adopted for multi-objective optimization in polar angle.Taking TB880 E disc cutter as a calculating example to analysis the layout optimization result,in contrast of the original cutter layout decorating method,the unbalanced radial force and capsizing moment of cutter have reduced.Rock broken variance of disc cutter also decreased apparently to a large extent,which can be beneficial to balance the damage of front disc cutter.The integral layout centroid of disc cutter also shows closer proximity with the cutter-head center.(3)The edge cutter’s layout design method is proposed.Based on the summary of principle of TBM disk cutter layout,and combined the disk cutter layout design by spiral,objective optimization model of the edge disk cutter layout for the Wear difference minimization is established.Using step by step optimization design method to design the polar radius and oblique angle of every disk cutter.Firstly,optimizing the polar radius and oblique angle of edge disk cutter,and then using the NSGA-II algorithm to optimize its polar angle.In this paper,the TB880 E model’s cutter-head is used for example to analysis and redesign its layout of edge cutters.Then compared the performance parameters with original disk cutter layout: Unbalanced radial force,cutter overturning moment and edge cutter wear variance have all decreased;The mass center of all cutters after redesign,is more close to the geometric center of the cutter-head.更多还原