两性离子乳化剂的合成及抗高温水包油钻井液研究

【作者】 罗飞；

【导师】 邓小刚；

【作者基本信息】 西南石油大学 ， 化学工程与技术， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 水包油乳化钻井液作为一种重要的低密度钻井液体系,对缝洞发育的碳酸盐岩低压油气层具有较好的防漏与储层保护效果,在现场应用较为广泛。随着深部地层勘探钻井技术需求的不断加大,对水包油乳化钻井液的抗温能力也提出了更高的要求。本文通过对抗高温乳化剂进行研究,优选得到了一种符合要求的水包油乳化钻井液体系。首先,探讨了磺基甜菜碱型两性离子乳化剂的制备方法。通过一步反应法合成了三种不同碳链长度的磺基甜菜碱型两性离子乳化剂,以单因素法确定了合成磺基甜菜碱的最优反应条件:1,3-丙磺酸内酯与N,N-二甲基烷基叔胺摩尔比1:1.1,反应温度65℃,反应时间3h,溶剂为异丙醇。在最优条件下,反应完成后叔胺转化率能保持在98%左右,产率为84.7%,以红外光谱(FT-IR)、核磁共振氢谱(1HNMR)表征了合成的产物即为目标结构。其次,对三种不同碳链长度磺基甜菜碱的水溶液进行了表面性能研究。结果表明200℃ 高温处理前后临界胶束浓度分别为 cmc(12C)=5.13×10-3mol/L,cmc(14C)=5.25×10-4mol/L,cmc(16C)=5.50×10-4mol/L,cmc(12C)’=6.31×10-3mol/L,cmc(14C)’=5.62×10-4mol/L,cmc(16C)’=7.24×10-4mol/L,cmc变化较小,说明合成的产物在经过高温环境后仍能保持一定的表面活性;不同磺基甜菜碱水溶液的动态界面张力在经过一段时间后会达到稳定的最低界面张力值,界面张力也会随碳链长度的增加而出现下降的趋势;不同磺基甜菜碱水溶液分别在2.0g/L(12C)、1.0g/L(14C)、3.0g/L(16C)时达到对液体石蜡的最佳乳化效果,其中十二烷基磺基甜菜碱对液体石蜡的乳化效果最佳;三种磺基甜菜碱起泡性能强弱顺序为14C>12C>16C,稳泡性能强弱顺序为14C>16C>12C。最后,分别对水包油乳状液和钻井液体系进行了相关配方筛选和优化,得到了优化的水包油乳化钻井液配方:2%膨润土浆+3%PF-SMP+4%SPNH+0.4%Dristemp+0.4%FA-367+3%Soltex+0.3%NaOH(水相体积)+1%十二烷基磺基甜菜碱+P135(质量比3:1)+0.2%有机硅消泡剂,水、0#柴油体积比5:5。该钻井液体系性能良好,抗温能力达到200℃,且具备一定的抗污染能力(20%水、20%油、2%盐、15%白云岩钻屑),能够满足深部地层钻井和地质的要求。更多还原

【Abstract】 Oil-in-water emulsion drilling fluid is a kind of important low-density drilling fluid system,it has good effects of leak protection and formation damage control when applied in the low pressure carbonate formation characterized by extremely developed fractures and pores,which make this drilling fluid widely used in field drilling operation.With the growing demand of exploration and drilling technology used in deep formation,the higher requirement is put forward on the temperature-resistant properties of oil-in-water emulsion drilling fluid.This paper studies emulsifier with high-temperature tolerance and then develops a temperature-resistant oil-in-water emulsion drilling fluid.Firstly,the paper discusses a method of producing sulfobetaine type zwitterionic emulsifiers.Sulfobetaine type zwitterionic emulsifiers of different carbon length are synthesized in one step,and the best optimum synthesis conditions are optimized by the single factor experiment:the mole ratio of 1,3 propane sultone and long chain alkyl dimethyl amine is 1:1.15 the reaction temperature is 65℃,the reaction time is 3h and the solvent is isopropanol.Under the optimal conditions,the transformation rate of tertiary amine is approximately 98%,and the yield is 84.7%.The structure of products are characterized by Flourier transformation infrared spectroscopy and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance.Secondly,some surface properties of sulfobetaine aqueous solution are studied.The results show that critical micelle concentrations change small before and after 200℃ aging experiments,the data are as follows:cmc(12C)=5.13×10-3mol/L,cmc(14C)=5.25×10-4mol/L,cmc(16C)=5.50×10-4mol/L,cmc(12C)’=6.31×10-3mol/L,cmc(14C)’=5.62×10-4mol/L,cmc(16C)’=7.24×10-4mol/L,which indicates sulfobetaine keep surface activity after aging experiments.Dynamic interfacial tensions of different sulfobetaine aqueous solution reach to stable lowest level after a while,interfacial tension present downward trend with the increase of carbon length.Different sulfobetaine aqueous solution reach optimum emulsification to liquid paraffin at 2.0g/L(12C),1.0g/L(14C),3.0g/L(16C),among them,dodecyl sulfobetaine shows the best emulsifying effect to liquid paraffin.Three sulfobetaines exhibit different foaming property in the order of 14C>12C>16C,and stability of foam in the order of 14C>16C>12C.Finally,formula screening and optimization of oil-in-water emulsion and the drilling fluid are made,the optimized formula is the following:2%Sodium bentonite slurry+3%PF-SMP+4%SPNH+0.4%Dristemp+0.4%FA-367+3%Soltex+0.3%NaOH(aqueous volume)+l%Dode-cyl sulfobetaine+P135(mass ratio 3:1)+0.2%Silicone defoamer,water-0#diesel volume ratio 5:5.This drilling fluid system has excellent properties,temperature tolerance is about 200℃ and also has the ability to resist some contaminants(20%water,20%oil,2%salt and 15%dolomite cuttings),so it can meet the drilling and geology requirements of deep formation.更多还原