【作者】 刘洋；

【导师】 付少平；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 社会工作硕士（专业学位）， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 我国已经进入老龄化社会,老年人数每年在急剧增长,伴随着老龄化社会的到来老年人的养老问题也成为重要的社会问题。老年人数量急剧增加,随之而而来的老年人养老问题也显得愈发重要。加之随着我国经济水平的快速发展和改革开放成果在全国显现成效,目前老年人养老问题尤其是城市老年人的养老问题,在物质水平和保障上已经基本达到了满足或正在逐步提高水平。随着物质水平的提高,物质上的满足对于养老问题已经不造成任何障碍,随之而来的就是老年养老出现的新问题,即精神照料的缺失。由于我国的计划生育政策已实施多年第一代独生子女的父母陆续进入老年,许多的子女也人到中年,成立自己的家庭拥有自己的住房或者因为外出务工或求学,使一些老人成为空巢老人。空巢老人由长时间肚子生活,没有家人的陪伴,他们在精神上的照料极其缺乏。随着家老龄化的不断加剧和社会经济水平的提高,人们对精神层面需求的不断增加,老年人的精神照料缺失的问题会成为老年社会工作的重点。本文主要研究城市空巢老人的精神照料,以马斯洛需要层次理论和社会支持理论为理论依据,采用社会工作个案工作的方法介入,以此作为理论基础和方法基础。本次研究以太原市J社区为背景,从社区选取了部分空巢老人为调查对象,从对案主的访谈中获得资料。通过对社区进行为期三个月的深入走访了解,对社区的空巢老人情况和个案案主的资料进行分析和总结,描述了目前J社区空巢老人精神生活的需求状况和供给状况并对具体的情况做出分析,提出了J社区空巢老人精神照料存在的问题,并针对存在的一些问题提出了对策建议。从个案的层面上来看,本文的研究将有助于为J社区空巢老人精神照料提升和改善提供具体可实施的方法。目前国内学者对于城市空巢老人的精神照料研究取得了丰硕的成果,对该群体的问题解决起到了很大的作用。但是众多的学者所取得的成果都是从宏观层面上进行的研究,做研究的内容大多数与国家的政策、赡养制度、社区养老等层面进行的研究,相对于理论层面而言具体可操作研究还是较少。以社会工作专业知识理论为基础,揭示了城市空巢老人精神照料问题的现状特征和成因分析,通过社会工作中的个案工作方法为基础,帮助城市空巢老人解决精神照料缺失的问题,提高案主在精神层面的满足感,帮助案主家庭在现有的条件下解决精神照料缺失的问题,提高案主的主观能动性,并总结出个案工作介入城市空巢老人精神照料问题方式的优缺点和反思,提出个案工作介入的优势和不足,以及该如何将社会工作方法如何更好地运用到城市空巢老人精神照料问题上,并对城市空巢老人精神照料问题日后的发展提出建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 China has entered an aging society,the number of elderly is increasing rapidly every year.With the arrival of an aging society,the elderly pension problem has become an important social problem.With the rapid increase in the number of the elderly,the elderly care problem is becoming more important.Coupled with the rapid development of China’s economy and the achievements of reform and opening-up in the country to show the effectiveness of the elderly pension problems especially the pension problem of the elderly in the city,and the level of material security has basically reached the meet or are gradually improve.With the improvement of the material level,the material satisfaction has no obstacle to the pension problem,and then the new problem of the old-age pension,that is,the lack of spiritual care.Because of China’s one-child policy has been implemented for many years the first generation of one-child parents gradually into old age,many children are middle-aged,set up their own families own their own homes or because migrant workers or students,some of the elderly to become Empty Nester.Empty nest old people live a long time without their families,and their spiritual care is extremely scarce.With the increasing aging of the family and the improvement of social and economic level,the increasing demand for spiritual needs and the lack of mental care for the elderly will become the focus of the elderly social work.This paper mainly studies the city Empty Nester mental care,based on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory and social support theory as the theoretical basis,using the methods of social work intervention,as the basis of the theoretical basis and methods.The study on the background of Taiyuan J community,from the community selected Empty Nester survey data obtained from client interviews.Through the community for a period of three months of in-depth visits to understand the situation and the case of Empty Nester,community cases were analyzed and summarized,describing the current J community Empty Nester the spiritual life of the demand and supply situation and the specific situation to make the analysis,proposed the existence of J community Empty Nester mental care the problems,and puts forward some countermeasures for the existing problems.From the perspective of case studies,this study will help to provide concrete and feasible methods for the promotion and improvement of mental care for empty nest elderly in J community.At present,the domestic scholars have made great achievements in the study of urban empty nest elderly spiritual care,which has played a significant role in solving the problem of the group.But many achievements by scholars are studied from the macro level,the research content and research most of the state policy and support system,community care level,relative to the theoretical level of specific operational research or less.In the social work professional knowledge theory,reveals the present situation characteristics and causes analysis of city Empty Nester psychological care problems,through the social work in the case of working methods,to help the city Empty Nester to solve the problem of lack of spiritual care,improve the case in spiritual satisfaction,to help clients solve the spiritual care of family in the absence of conditions of the existing problems,improve the initiative of the main case,and summarizes the advantages and disadvantages and reflection of case work in the city Empty Nester mental care mode,put forward the advantages and disadvantages of case work,and how the social work methods how to better use to the city Empty Nester psychological care problems,and puts forward some suggestions on the development of the city Empty Nester mental care day after.更多还原