【作者】 王辉；

【导师】 张凤阳；

【作者基本信息】 南京大学 ， 公共管理硕士（MPA）（专业学位）， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 随着城市化的进程,遗址保护和利用之间的矛盾日益严重,而保护和利用的过程中,公众始终处于边缘化的位置,公众的利益没有很好的得到保障,尤其是遗址所在地的居民。公众参与到公共事务中,是民主权利的实现,是争取自身利益的方式,公众参与的实质是通过一定的方式和途径参与到公共事务中去,以实现权利,共享发展成果。目前国内流行的遗址保护和利用的模式中,多是政府主导的自上而下的模式,这样带来的问题首先是政府完全负担投入,财政吃力;其次,没有发挥其他参与主体的作用,不能形成全社会的遗址保护氛围;最后,缺乏公众的参与会忽视公众的利益诉求,尤其是"自上而下"的保护利用模式,引发了一定的矛盾。基于此,结合笔者所从事的工作及所处的工作环境,将扬州城遗址蜀冈区域作为研究案例,通过问卷调查、实地调研等方式进行了深入的研究和分析,希望探索一种公众参与的遗址保护和利用模式,实现遗址保护的可持续发展和遗址利用的成果共享,来实现公众的权利和权益。鉴于,公众参与在国外的实践和理论探索较为成熟,首先,对国外的公众参与情况进行了分析和总结,从公众参与意识、公众参与主体、公众参与内容、公众参与方式四个方面进行了经验借鉴;接着通过问卷调查、实地调研、座谈等方式对扬州城遗址蜀冈区域已经开展的房屋征求、考古、规划编制等遗址保护相关工作的公众参与现状进行了研究,并对造成现状的原因从参与意识、参与主体、参与能力等方面进行了分析;最后提出了遗址保护和利用公共参与机制的构建:即合理界定参与主体、理性设定参与内容、有序组织参与和选择合适的参与方式,构建了遗址保护和利用的中谁参与、参与什么、怎么参与、以什么样的方式参与机制,并对机制的实施提出了法律、制度和能力方面的保障建议措施。公众参与遗址保护和利用,是实现遗址的可持续保护,充分发挥遗址的经济、社会、文化效益的先进理念和有效制度。公众参与遗址保护和利用,更新了遗址保护和利用的理念,探索了新的遗址保护和利用的方式,通过参与,公众以主人翁的姿态对待遗址,增强了使命感和责任感,尤其是在参与过程中如能得到有效回应,更能彰显自身的存在,以利于遗址的可持续保护;通过参与,公众充分表达了观点和诉求,争取了自身的利益,大大的缓解了因被动拆迁所带来的社会矛盾,在利用的过程中,共享发展会带来自身经济生活水平的改善,大大提高了社会动员效率。公众参与遗址保护和利用是一个动态的过程,其参与的有效性与当地的经济、社会发展现状息息相关,也受到国家的社会、政治、经济、文化的制约,目前来说,国内的公众参与绝大多数还停留在假参与或象征性参与阶段,而公众参与遗址保护和利用的实践则更少,照搬国外的经验、制度也是不行的,国内公众参与遗址的保护和利用的真正实现还有很长的一段路要走,这需要社会范围的培育,法律、制度和能力的保障和建设。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the process of urbanization,the contradiction between the protection and utilization of the site is becoming more and more serious,and during the process of the protection and utilization,the public is always in a marginalized position,the public interest has not been well guaranteed,especially the residents on the site.The Public’s participation in the public affairs is the realization of democratic rights,it is the way to win their own interests,the fact of public’s participation is through a certain way and method to participate in the public affairs to gain the right and to share the fruits of development.At present,among the popular ways of site protection,the mostly used is the government-led top-down mode.This brings many problems,the first problem is that the government is fully burdened and will suffer financial difficulty.Second problem is that the other participants haven’t played their roles,this can not help to form the atmosphere of site protection by the whole society;Finally,the lack of public participation will ignore the interests of the public,especially the "top-down"protection and utilization mode,has been triggering certain contradictions.Based on this,combined with the work and the working environment of the author,taking the the area of Shugang area of Yangzhou City as a research case,through the questionnaire survey,field research and other methods of in-depth research and analysis,hoping to explore a public participation site protection and utilization model,to achieve the sustainable development of site protection and the use of the results of the sharing of sites to achieve the rights and interests of the public.In view of the fact that public participation in foreign practice and theoretical exploration is more mature,first of all,the public participation in foreign countries were analyzed and summarized from the four aspects of public participation consciousness,public participation body,the content of public participation and the way of public participation.And then through the questionnaire survey,field research,discussion and other ways to research the Yangzhou City ruins Shugang area has been carried out housing solicitation,archaeological,planning and other sites related to the work of the public participation of the status quo were studied,and the cause of the reasons for Participatory consciousness,participation in the main body,participation ability and so on.Finally,it puts forward the construction of the system of the public participation in protection and the use of site mechanism:that is,the rational participation of the main body,rationally set participation content,orderly organization participation and select the appropriate way of participation,The construction of the site protection and the use of those who participates,participate in what,how to participate,in what way to participate in the mechanism,and the implementation of the mechanism put forward the legal,institutional and capacity measures to protect the proposed measures.Public participation in the site protection and the use of the site is to achieve the sustainable protection of the site,give full play to the site of the economic,social and cultural benefits of advanced concepts and effective system.Public participation in the protection and use of the site,updated the concept of the protection and use of the site,explores the new way of site protection and use,through participation,the public will play the key role in site protection,enhance the sense of mission and responsibility,especially during the process of participation the public is well being responded,it can also demonstrate the public’s own existence in order to facilitate the sustainable protection of the site;through the participation,the public fully expressed their views and aspirations,for their own interests,it can greatly relieves social contradictions which caused by the passive demolition,during the public participation process,the sharing development will bring the improvement of the economic life,and can greatly improving the efficiency of social mobilization.Public participation in the protection and use of the site is a dynamic process,the effectiveness of its participation matters a lot with the development situation of local economic and social development.It is also closely restricted by the country’s society,political,economy and culture,at present,most of the domestic public participation still remain in the stage of fake participation or symbolic participation,and the practice of public participation in the protection and utilization of the site is even less,it won’t work by copying the experience and the system of foreign countries’,there is a long way to go for the domestic public participation in the site of the protection and use of the real,this requires the cultivation of the community,the law,the system and the ability to protect and build.更多还原