【作者】 王俊；

【导师】 吴伟；

【作者基本信息】 南京农业大学 ， 农业推广硕士（专业学位）， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 中国的水产养殖业发展迅猛,为国人提供了大量优质动物蛋白。但由于高密度养殖、投饲过剩加之废水排放缺乏有力约束,水产养殖引起的富营养污染问题日渐严重;另一方面,外界污染对水产品质量安全已经构成严重威胁。浙北地区是我国淡水养殖的传统地区和最为发达的地区之一,为了摸清该地区水产养殖的富营养污染和重金属污染现状,为今后科研工作提供基础性数据,开展了本次污染调查。研究选取了浙北地区的湖州、嘉兴两地,历时两年时间,采取随机抽样的方法进行调查。其中,富营养污染共调查了 35家养殖场的水源水和池塘水情况。运用了离子色谱仪、可见分光光度计、总有机碳分析仪等仪器分析了包括氨氮、硝酸盐氮、亚硝酸盐氮、高锰酸盐指数、化学需氧量、总有机碳在内的六个个富营养污染参数。分析结果显示:未经过处理的养殖水质指标除亚硝酸盐氮外,超标率显著高于外界进水,高锰酸盐指数、化学需氧量的Ⅲ类水标准超标率已经超过500%。当前大部分养殖用水是以直排的形式重新进入外界水环境中,因此目前的水产养殖方式可能会对外界水环境产生富营养的污染影响。重金属污染调查采集了包括河流沉积物在内的181份底泥样品。使用原子吸收分光光度计和原子荧光分光光度计测定经过微波消解的底泥样品中的铜、锌、铬、铅、镉、汞、砷七种物质的含量。采用综合污染指数法、潜在生态危害指数法两种方法进行评价,结果显示:大部分采样点重金属含量处于轻度污染水平,部分区域的个别元素已经呈现中度甚至重度污染水平,其中以河流沉积物中的镉污染水平为最高。综合污染指数法由于兼顾到污染指数最大值对土壤环境质量影响,安全范围比潜在生态危害指数法的评价结果更小。更多还原

【Abstract】 China’s aquaculture industry develops rapidly and provides a large number of high quality animal protein to people.The problem of eutrophication caused by aquaculture is becoming more serious because of the high density culture and feeding too much and waste water discharging lacks management;on the other hand,The quality and safety of aquatic products has been a serious threat by the pollution outside.The north of Zhejiang province is one of the traditional areas and the most developed areas of freshwater aquaculture in China.To find out the situation of eutrophication pollution and heavy metal pollution in this area,and provide basic data for the future,we carry out this investigation.We chose Huzhou City and Jiaxing City of North Zhejiang and investigated by random sampling for two years.We investigated the water and its pond of 35 farms for the eutrophication.Ion chromatography analyzer,visible spectrophotometer and total organic carbon analyzer were used to detect six eutrophic pollution parameters.They are ammonia nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,nitrite nitrogen,permanganate index,chemical oxygen demand,total organic carbon.The results tell me that the pollution parameters of aquaculture water without treatment are obviously higher than the water supply except nitrite nitrogen.The exceed standard rate of permanganate index and chemical oxygen demand over the third levelis higher than 50%.Most of the aquaculture water return to the outside without treatment,so it will cause the eutrophication pollution of water outside by the current aquaculture mode.We collected 181sediment samples included river sediment for the investigation of heavy metal pollution.We use atomic absorption spectrophotometer and atomic fluorescence spectrophotometer to analyze the Cu,Zn,Cr,Pb and Cd of the samples had been digested by microwave digestion instrument.We evaluated data by Nemerow index and potential ecological risk index.It tell me that the heavy metal content in most of the samples is in the level of light pollution,even in some areas even have already been medium or severe pollution levels.The level of Cd pollution in river sediments is the highest of all.Considering the maximum value of the pollution index on soil environment,the safety range of Nemerow index is more narrow than potential ecological risk index.更多还原