【作者】 李彬；

【导师】 潘根兴；

【作者基本信息】 南京农业大学 ， 土壤学， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 随着我国农业经济的发展,农业生产过程中产生了大量的农业废弃物,如作物秸秆、畜禽粪便等。如果大量农业废弃物没有得到有效利用,不仅对资源是一种极大的浪费,而且还会对生态环境造成严重的污染。就我国农业的可持续发展而言,解决好农业废弃物的利用问题至关重要。生物质热解炭化技术作为农业废弃物资源化利用的新途径,近来来受到各领域专家学者的广泛关注。这项技术已逐步成为一种提高土壤质量、保证粮食产量以及应对气候变化的一项重要技术。本研究以葡萄园的土壤为研究对象,以常规施肥(CF)为对照,在田间设置20、40 t·hm-2小麦秸秆生物质炭处理(分别用 CF+WSB20、CF+WSB40 表示)和 0.6、2.4 t·hm-2 竹炭有机肥(CF+BCOF、BCOF)处理,研究生物质炭的施用对土壤性质、酿酒葡萄生长及果实品质的影响,结果如下:1、生物质炭的施用对土壤物理、化学性质的影响:小麦秸秆生物质炭(20、40t·hm-2)能显著降低表层(0～20 cm)土壤容重,提高土壤pH值,且显著增加土壤有机碳、全氮、速效磷和速效钾的含量,增幅分别为120.7%～172.6%,25.0%～44.2%,75.8%～164.0%和58.6%～131.5%;竹炭有机肥(0.6、2.4 t.hm-2)也显著增加土壤有机碳、全氮和速效钾含量,增幅分别为28.0%～57.7%,11.5%～23.1%和32.9%～45.5%。而在深层(20～40 cm)土壤上,小麦秸秆生物质炭(20、40 t·hm-2)显著增加土壤有机碳和pH,增幅分别为33.7%～34.7%和3.58%～4.77%,尤其是高用量小麦秸秆生物质炭对养分的影响更为明显,土壤速效磷和速效钾的增幅分别为102.0%和81.0%;而竹炭有机肥对土壤性质无明显影响。2、施用生物质炭对酿酒葡萄生长的影响:施用生物质炭不同程度地促进了酿酒葡萄叶的生长。低用量小麦秸秆生物质炭显著增加叶纵径5.74%,高用量小麦秸秆生物质炭显著增加叶重16.9%,竹炭有机肥显著增加叶横径和叶重。但施用生物质炭对果纵径、果横径、果重等均无明显影响。施用生物质炭显著降低叶柄Mn的含量,但对葡萄叶柄全N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Cu和Zn含量无显著影响。3、施用生物质炭对酿酒葡萄果实品质的影响:施用竹炭有机肥对果实品质的改善有一定的作用。单施竹炭有机肥显著提高了葡萄果实中的可溶性糖含量及糖酸比,增幅分别为21.6%和35.5%;而各处理均不同程度降低了葡萄果实中可滴定酸含量,尤其以化肥配施竹炭有机肥的降低幅度最大,降幅为13.2%。对于葡萄果实中单宁含量而言,低用量小麦秸秆生物质炭和化肥配施竹炭有机肥分别显著增加葡萄单宁含量32.5%和32.1%,而可溶性固形物、pH、总酚和色素含量在施用生物质炭后无明显变化。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of China’s agricultural economy,a large number of agricultural residues were produced,such as crop straw and animal manure.If they are not used properly,they will not only result in the waste of resources,but also lead serious environment pollutions.It is crucial for China’s sustainable agriculture to solve the problem of the use of agricultural residues.The technology of biochar opens a new way for resource utilization of agricultural residues.Recently,it has been paid much attention of experts and scholars in various fields.The technology has gradually become a way to improve soil quality,ensure grain yield and abate climate change.In this study,five treatments were layout,with wheat straw biochar(WSB)at the rate of 20,40 t·hm-2 and bamboo charcoal organic fertilizer(BCOF)at the rate of 0.6,2.4 t·hm-2.The study researched the effects of biochar amendment on soil property,wine grape growth and fruit quality.The results are as follows:1.Effects of biochar amendment on soil properties from vineyard.WSB(20,40 t·hm-2)significantly reduced soil bulk density of surface soil(0～20 cm),increased soil pH,significantly increased soil organic carbon,total nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium,increased by 120.7%～172.6%,25.0%～44.2%,75.8%～164.0%,58.6%-131.5%,respectively;BCOF(0.6,2.4 t·hm-2)also significantly increased soil organic carbon,total nitrogen and available potassium,increased by 28.0%～57.7%,11.5%～23.1%,32.9%～45.5%,respectively.For the deep soil(20～40 cm),WSB(20,40 t·hm-2)significantly increased soil organic carbon and pH by 33.7%～34.7%and 3.58%～4.77%,especially the effect of WSB(40 t·hm-2)on the nutrient is more obvious,the soil available phosphorus and available potassium increased by 102.0%and 81.0%;but in BCOF(0.6,2.4 t·hm-2)treatments,the soil properties had no obvious change.2.Effects of biochar amendment on the growth of wine grape.The application of biochar promoted leaf growth of wine grape at different degrees.WSB(20 t·hm-2)significantly increased the leaf length by 5.74%,WBS(40 t·hm-2)significantly increased leaf weight by 16.9%,BCOF(2.4 t·hm-2)increased the leaf width and leaf weight by 6.98%and 25.2%.While,the fruit length,fruit width,fruit weight were not significantly affected.The application of biochar had no significant effect on N,P,K,Ca,Mg,Cu and Zn in wine grape petiole,but could reduce the content of Mn.3.Effects of biochar amendment on fruit quality of wine grape.The application of BCOF has certain effect on fruit quality.BCOF(2.4 t·hm-2)significantly increased the content of soluble sugar and the ratio of sugar to acid in grape berry,by the rate of 21.6%and 35.5%;and all the treatments decreased the content of titratable acid in grape berry,especially BCOF(0.6 t·hm-2)decreased sharply,a decline of 13.2%accordingly.For the tannin content,WSB(20 t·hm-2)and BCOF(0.6 t·hm-2)were significantly increased the content of tannin by 32.5%and 32.1%,and the two treatments had no significant difference,but the soluble solids,pH,total phenol and pigment content in all treatments had no obvious change.更多还原