【作者】 卢青；

【导师】 何瑞银；

【作者基本信息】 南京农业大学 ， 农业推广硕士（专业学位）， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 我国是世界上最早从事水产养殖的国家,其历史可以追溯至公元前十二世纪。建国以来,我国的池塘养殖业进入了快速发展的阶段,2012年全国水产养殖面积808.84×104hm2,总产量4288.36×104t,其中,池塘淡水养殖面积590.75×104hm2,池塘养殖已成为我国主要养殖生产方式。因蟹、虾养殖可以产生更高的经济效益,近些年越来越受到更多养殖户的青睐。叶轮式增氧机对表层增氧效果较好,但对较远和下层水体增氧不明显,水体交换不充分,增氧不均匀,也不利于池塘水质的改善。微孔管道曝气增氧机不仅具有很好的增氧效果,同时也可以将池塘底部的有害物质带走,具有良好的增氧效果。但是由于经济发展、养殖户接受新技术的能力等因素,在推广这种新型养殖技术时仍有诸多困难。本论文针对目前主要使用的叶轮式增氧机和正在大面积推广的微孔管道曝气增氧机进行对比试验分析。在清水池和鱼场螃蟹养殖池塘两个试验场地对不同增氧方式在增氧能力、动力效率以及养殖过程中对池塘水体参数影响进行对比试验,并通过调研对微孔曝气增氧机进行效益分析,为虾蟹类养殖户池塘养殖增氧方式的选择提供一定参考。从研究结果来看,试验室清水池条件下,在增氧能力方面,1.5kW动力的叶轮式增氧机的平均增氧能力为2.32kg/h,低于微孔管道曝气增氧机的2.65 kg/h,同时1.5kW的微孔管道曝气增氧机微孔管长度在20m～200m范围内,曝气管长度越长,增氧速度越快;鱼场螃蟹养殖池塘条件下,在容氧量方面,叶轮式增氧机和微孔管道曝气增氧机同时开启120min后,安装微孔管道曝气增氧机的池塘表层下100cm处的溶氧量达到了 4.27mg/L,高于安装叶轮式增氧机的3.05 mg/L;在水体温度方面,叶轮式增氧机和微孔管道曝气增氧机开启后对水体温度下降都起到了一定的作用,但微孔管道曝气增氧机对水体各层温度降低的影响都为最大,对水体降温起到良好效果;在水质方面,利用内梅罗指数计算出采用叶轮式增氧机增氧的池塘的f;值均高于1,在轻污染范围内,而采用微孔管道曝气增氧机增氧的池塘的fi值均低于1,在轻清洁范围内;在经济效益方面,虾蟹混养情况下,采用微孔管道增氧机养殖的投入产出比为0.30,低于采用叶轮式增氧机增氧养殖的0.48,经济效益明显。更多还原

【Abstract】 China is the earliest country engaged in aquaculture in the world,the history can be traced back to the 12th century BC.Pond-culture industry has entered into a rapid development stage since the founding of PRC.In 2012,the national aquaculture area was 8.0884 million hectares and the total output was 42.8836 million tons.Among of them,the fresh water pond aquaculture area was 5.9075 million hectares.Pond farming has become the main cultivation mode in China.The crab and shrimp farming are favored by more and more farmers in recent years,as they can bring more economic efficiency.Rotary impeller aerator is good at increasing the oxygen content of the upper water in the pond,but it’s not so good for the farther and lower water,and at the same time,it’s not efficiency in water exchanging adequately,oxygen increasing uniformly,and the quality improving of water.Micro-porous pipe aeration aerator not only has better effect on increasing the oxygen content,but also it can take away the harmful material at the bottom of the pond.But because of the economic factors and so on,it’s hard for farmers to accept the new equipment and technology.In this paper,the contrast test and analysis will be carried out between the rotary impeller aerator now used mainly and micro-porous pipe aeration aerator extended widely.At the clear water pond and the crab or fish breeding pond,the ability of increasing the oxygen,the power efficiency and the effect to the pond water parameters during the breeding process are tested and contrasted under the different increasing oxygen ways,otherwise the economic benefit of the micro-porous pipe aeration aerator is analyzed by investigating and researching,all of the above can provide certain reference for the farmers who breed the shrimp and crab to select the way to increase the oxygen content of the pond water.The result shows that,under the condition of the clear water pond in the lab,the increasing oxygen average ability of the rotary impeller aerator which power is 1.5 kW is 2.32 kg/h,it is worse than the increasing oxygen average ability of the same power micro-porous pipe aeration aerator which is 2.65 kg/h,on the other hand,when the micro-porous pipe length range of the micro-porous pipe aeration aerator which power is 1.5kWis between 20m and 200m,more length,more speed of increasing the oxygen.Under the condition of the crab or fish breeding pond,after working for 120 minutes,the oxygen content of the water below the surface 100cm becomes to 4.27mg/L in the pond installed the micro-porous pipe aeration aerator,it is more than 3.05 mg/L which is become to in the pond installed the rotary impeller aerator.Both of the rotary impeller aerator and the micro-porous pipe aeration aerator are effective to cool the water after working,but the micro-porous pipe aeration aerator is more effective and it can reduce the water temperature all of the level in the pond.On the aspect of water quality,the fi values of pond used rotary impeller aerator are more than 1 depending on Nemerow index,it is within the scope of the light pollution,but the fi values of pond used micro-porous pipe aeration aerator are less than 1,it is within the light clean scope;In terms of economic efficiency,the benefit that the micro-porous pipe aeration aerator brings is obvious.In the case of breeding the shrimp and crab,the input-output ratio which is used micro-porous pipe aeration aerator is 0.30,it is less than 0.48 which is the input-output ratio that used the rotary impeller aerator.更多还原