西安人力车夫及其社会控制研究（1936-1947年）

【作者】 李婷婷；

【导师】 杜海斌；

【作者基本信息】 陕西师范大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 作为近代城市底层群体典型代表的人力车夫,因其地位的卑微、生活的拮据、工作的心酸,备受人们的关注。本文旨在通过对西北门户重镇西安市抗战期间人力车夫群体及其社会控制的分析,揭示出近代城市社会管理的现代转型与历史局限。随着民初西安人力车业的发展,人力车夫也随之出现。作为近代一种新型的职业,人力车夫群体的出现是历史的必然,是社会需求的结果。不同于其他城市人力车业发展黄金期为二十世纪二十至三十年代,西安人力车业发展的高峰期是抗战时期,是外力推动的结果。抗战时期西安地区的人力车夫大多是从沦陷区和灾难区逃难而来的难民和灾民,以及一部分农村破产的农民。无论是难民、灾民还是农民,凡是从事了人力车夫这一职业的他们,共同点就是文化知识技能的缺乏和生活的贫困,相应的围绕着他们也产生了诸多的社会问题。为了更好地管理他们,抗战时期的西安城市形成了政府制度、工会组织和车商关系控制相统一的控制网络体系,并寓控制于救济,施以福利事业救济,将制度性和救济性、硬性和软性相结合的控制方法运用于近代城市对底层社会民众的控制当中,体现了控制模式的现代转型。虽然这种控制模式在一定程度上规范了人力车行业及其从业者人力车夫的社会行为,维护了城市的秩序,保障了人力车夫的权益,但因为历史的局限性而出现的制度缺失、执法暴力、会务废弛、救济狭隘迟滞等问题,导致社会控制效果大打折扣,尤其是救济效果的不如意,使得人力车夫群体仍然无法摆脱原有的惨状。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a typical representative of the modern urban underlying group, rickshaw pullers has attracted people’s attention, because of their humble status, hardscrabble life and hard work. This paper aims at the analysis of rickshaw pullers and its social control of the Xi’an city of the Northwest gateway during the period of Anti-Japanese, and reveals the modern transformation and historical limitions of the management of the modern urban.With the development of the rickshaw industry, the rickshaw puller appeared. As a new profession, the appearing of the rickshaw pullers was the results of historically inevitable and society requirement. Different from other cities, whose golden days of the development of the rickshaw industry was in the 1920s and 1930s, xi’an was the period of Anti-Japanese, which was the results of the esternal force.The rickshaw pullers during the period of Anti-Japanese in Xi’an city were mostly from rufugees of the enemy occupied area and victims of disaster fleeing, and a part of rural bankruptcy farmers, which has in common in the lack of knowledge and skills, and poverty. At the same time, they also gave rise to a lot of social problems.In order to manage them, Xi’an city had formed a network system unified the system control of the government, organizational control of the sickshaw workers’ union, relationship control of the sickshaw bosses and welfare benefits. The control method in combination of system and relief, hard and soft,used in modern urban management to the underlying group, which reflects the modern transformation of the mode of control. Although this kind of control mode regulated the social behavior of the rickshaw industry and practitioners of the rickshaw pullers, maintained the order in the city and protected the interests of the rickshaw pullers in a certain extent. The problems of institutional deficiency, law forcement voilence, conference breakdowns and relief narrow hysteresis because of historical limitations, leaded to the social effect discounted greatly, especially the relief effect is unpleasant, which made the rickshaw pullers group keep the original images still.更多还原