【作者】 杨超；

【导师】 黄青春；

【作者基本信息】 华东理工大学 ， 植物保护， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 农药的使用是控制害虫为害和保护农作物增产增收的重要手段,杀虫剂的增效复配不仅有助于减少杀虫剂的使用量,而且降低害虫的抗药性风险和环境压力,发挥“减施增效”的效果。粘虫(Mythimna separata)和豆蚜(Aphis craccivora)都是为害农作物生产的重要害虫,本文拟通过研究多杀菌素(Spinosyn, SPY)、毒死蜱(Chlorpyrifos, CHP)、吡虫啉(Imidacloprid, IMP)和新烟碱类化合物FNIP等二元增效复配,获得能够高效防治粘虫和豆蚜的复配药剂,并初步探讨其增效机理,为降低毒死蜱和吡虫啉在环境中的释放、延缓害虫抗药性和提高害虫持续高效防治效果提供实验依据。主要结论如下：以粘虫为防治对象,研究了多杀菌素与毒死蜱复配增效,结果表明：SPY、CHP及其混剂在处理3龄粘虫72h时,SPY和CHP各比例混剂均表现出相加作用；处理120h时,SPY:CHP(1:9)为相加作用,其他比例均表现出显著的增效作用,且多杀菌素：毒死蜱(9：1)的增效作用极显著,共毒系数达569。说明多杀菌素和毒死蜱的复配混剂能降低毒死蜱环境的释放量同时提高毒死蜱的杀虫活性。针对多杀菌素和毒死蜱复配增效的机理进行了初步研究,乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)活性研究表明,SPY:CHP(9:1)时对AChE的抑制率与毒死蜱单剂无差异,而SPY:CHP(1:9)对AChE的抑制率显著高于毒死蜱单剂,说明多杀菌素显著诱导混剂对AChE的抑制作用。羧酸酯酶(CarE)活性研究表明,SPY:CHP(9:1)对CarE的抑制率与毒死蜱单剂无差异,而SPY:CHP(1:9)对CarE的抑制率显著高于毒死蜱单剂,说明多杀菌素同样诱导混剂对CarE的抑制作用。α-淀粉酶活性研究表明,SPY:CHP(1:9)和SPY:CHP(9:1)对α-淀粉酶离体活性影响分别与毒死蜱、多杀菌素单剂的作用没有明显差异。结果说明对AChE和CarE的联合增强抑制作用可能是混剂的增效机理。以豆蚜为防治对象,分别研究了吡虫啉和新化合物FNIP与氟铃脲(Hexaflumuron, HFR)的增效复配,结果表明：在吡虫啉与氟铃脲混剂处理4日龄豆蚜后,IMP:HFR(12:8)混剂增效效果极显著,为最佳配比；而FNIP与氟铃脲混剂处理4日龄豆蚜后,而FNIP:HFR(18:2)为最佳混配。且FNIP-氟铃脲(17：3)混剂的杀虫增效效果显著高于吡虫啉·氟铃脲(17：3)混剂及吡虫啉单剂。研究结果为增强新烟碱类药剂的作用效果,降低吡虫啉使用量和达到FNIP替代吡虫啉的目的提供了实验依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 The use of pesticides was one of the important measure to control damage of pests and protect crops to increase production and income.The synergism of pesticides not only contribute to reduce the use of pesticides, but also reduce the risk of resistance and the pressure on the environment.Mythimna separata and Aphis craccivora are both the important pests, causing enormous damage to crops. Thereore, we might provide experimental adviece om reducing release of chlopyrifos and imidacloprid on the environment, and delaying the resistance of pests and improving the effect of controlling of pests efficiently by studying binary synergism combination of spinosyn, chlorpyrifos, imidacloprid and FNIP to get effective complex pesticides, which could control Mythimna separata and Aphis craccivora, and discuss synergistic mechanism of the pesticides. The main results could be summarized as follow:A study of synergism of SPY, CHP and the mixture of SPY and CHP on 3day of Mythimna separata after 72hour and 120hour showed evey group had additive effect after 72hour, and SPY:CHP(1:9) showed addtive effect, the other groups were efficiency significantly and SPY:CHP(9:1) was the most significant efficiency after 120h. The mixture of SPY and CHP could reduce release of environment and improve insecticidal activity.The study of acticity of AChE showed that inhibition rate was undifferentiated between SPY:CHP(9:1) and CHP, but inhibition rate of SPY:CHP (1:9) was significantly more higher than CHP that SPY could induce mixture inhibition rate of AChE. The study of acticity of CarE showed that inhibition rate was undifferentiated between SPY：CHP (9:1) and CHP and SPY, but inhibition rate of SPY:CHP (1:9) was significantly more higher than CHP that SPY could induce mixture inhibition rate of CarE.Synergistic mechanism of the mixture mighy be combined inhibition of AChE and CarE. The activity of amylase showed in vitro. It did not differ significantly between SPY and CHP (9:1) and SPY and CHP (1:9) compareing with SPY and CHP respectively.A study of synergism of imidacloprid and hexaflumuron, FNIP and hexaflumuron on 4day of Aphis craccivora showed The insecticidal activity of FNIP:HFR(17:3) was more than imidacloprid and the same proportion of the mixture of imidacloprid and hexaflumuron.The results showed that the mixture of imidacloprid and hexaflumuron could reduce release of environment and improve insecticidal activity.The results could provides the experimental advice on reducing the use of imidacloprid. The results could provide some experiment advice on deplacing imdaclorprid by FNIP.更多还原