【作者】 刘云鹏；

【导师】 于迎涛； 王辉；

【作者基本信息】 大连海事大学 ， 工程硕士（专业学位）， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 在远洋石油运输及海洋石油开发中,溢油事故难免发生,对环境及生态安全造成严重威胁和破坏。基于化学指纹的溢油鉴别,不仅为溢油事故的法律裁决提供可靠依据,也是对溢油逃逸行为的有效震慑和防范。溢油指纹研究已报道气相色谱/质谱、高效液相色谱、荧光光谱、红外光谱、稳定同位素质谱以及核磁共振等方法。这些方法各有优势和不足。拉曼-荧光信息的光谱具有检测范围广、能够进行快速无损鉴别、检测灵敏度高、无需制备样品等一系列优点。本论文使用可见光(532nm)和近红外光(785nm)作为激发光源,对15种不同产地(阿联酋、巴西、大庆、科威特、辽河、苏丹、沙特、委内瑞拉、新疆、伊拉克、安哥拉、阿曼、荣卡多、维杜里、辛塔)的原油进行拉曼-荧光光谱指纹的无损提取和鉴别研究。使用可见光(532nm)激发光提取出荧光特征与拉曼特征均显著的原油光谱指纹;使用近红外光光(785nm)激发光提取出拉曼特征显著、荧光特征较弱的光谱指纹。在不扣除荧光背景的条件下,探究出无损提取原油指纹的优化参数条件。采用聚类分析分别对两种光谱指纹进行原油的盲样鉴别,对不同种类的聚类距离以及聚类方法的鉴别效果,得出切比雪夫距离、最远距离法为原油的光谱指纹聚类分析的优选方法。采用Fisher判别分析法分别对两种光谱指纹进行原油光谱指纹的盲样鉴别,对比了全模型判别法以及逐步判别法的鉴别结果,实现了原油样品的高准确度辨识。相关研究结果,可与现行的《海面溢油鉴别系统规范》相互支持,显著提高溢油鉴别效率和说服力,对于维护海洋环境安全具有重要意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the offshore oil developmentandthe ocean transportationof petroleum,oil spills will inevitably happen to the environment and ecological security posed a serious threat and destruction.Chemical fingerprintsof spilled oil provide a reliable basis on their identifications.In the oil spill fingerprinting studies,gas chromatography/mass spectrometry,HPLC,fluorescence spectroscopy,infrared spectroscopy,stable isotope mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance methods.These methods have their own advantages and disadvantages.Raman-fluorescence spectrum is a rapid identification method with a series of advantages,e.g.,non-destructive,high sensitivity,and without special sample preparation.In this thesis,visible light(532nm)and near-infrared light(785nm)are used as light sources for nondestructive extractionandidentificationof the Raman-fluorescence spectroscopy fingerprintsofl 5 kinds of crude oils(the United Arab Emirates,Brazil,Daqing,Kuwait,Liaohe,Sudan,Saudi Arabia,Venezuela,Xinjiang,Iraq,Angola,Oman,Roncador,Viduri and Cinta).By using visible light(532nm)source,the characteristics of fluorescence and Raman spectra are both significantin the crude oil fingerprint.By using near-infraredlight(785nm)source,the Ramanfeatures is significant while the fluorescence spectral characteristics is weak in the fingerprint.Nofluorescencebackground is deduced under the non-destructive extraction of crude oil fingerprint.The two kinds of spectral fingerprints of crude oils are used for blind sample identification with cluster analysis.Chebyshevdistance combined with longest-distance method is regarded as a preferred method for spectral fingerprint clustering.Fisher discriminant analysis is also used for blind sample identification of fingerprint spectra of crude oils.Full model discrimination and stepwise discriminant method are adopted,respectively.Research results can be mutually supportive with the current "oil spill identification system specification" and significantly improve the efficiency of oil spill identification and persuasion,which is important for preservation of the marine environment safe.更多还原