【作者】 曾敏；

【导师】 李文平； 何德肆；

【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 ， 兽医硕士（专业学位）， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 目的：探索可速必宁对抗生素的耐受性能及对猪的生产性能、腹泻率、肠道微生态、血清生化指标的影响,为可速必宁在临床上用于促进动物生长和提高机体免疫力提供理论依据,以期开发出一种既绿色、环保、无残留、无毒副作用又有类似抗生素功效的饲料添加剂。方法：1.体外抑菌试验：试验分为四组,即未加抗生素组、硫酸抗敌素组、维吉尼亚霉素组和金霉素组。采用倍比稀释法,分别测定枯草芽胞杆菌C-3102对不同浓度的硫酸抗敌素、维吉尼亚霉素、金霉素的耐药情况。2.动物体内试验：把300头育肥猪随机分成5个组,分别为：正常组、可速必宁组、试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组,试验Ⅰ组日粮中添加可速必宁和硫酸抗敌素,试验Ⅱ组添加可速必宁和维吉尼亚霉素,试验川组添加可速必宁和金霉素。每天观察猪的采食情况,并记录各组猪的初、末体重。在第15天和第30天取粪便进行检测,并于第30天取血液进行分析。结果：1.体外抑菌试验：枯草芽胞杆菌C-3102对硫酸抗敌素、维吉尼亚霉素、金霉素均有较高的耐受能力,其中以对金霉素的耐受能力最强,其最高耐受量为1024ug/ml；其次是硫酸抗敌素,最高耐受量为512ug/ml再者是维吉尼亚霉素128ug/ml.2.动物饲养试验：(1)生产性能：可速必宁组较正常组末平均体重、平均日增重、平均日采食量显著升高,料肉比显著下降(P<0.05)；与抗生素联用后,其作用效果有不同程度地增强,其中试验Ⅰ、Ⅲ组与可速必宁组比较具有显著差异(P<0.05)。(2)腹泻率：可速必宁组育肥猪腹泻率显著低于正常组(P<0.05)；与抗生素合用后其降低腹泻率的作用效果有所增强,但未达到显著水平(P>0.05)。(3)肠道微生物：可速必宁组较正常组大肠杆菌数量显著降低(P<0.05),双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌数量有不同程度的增加,其中对乳酸杆菌的促进作用显著(P<0.05)；各试验组较可速必宁组大肠杆菌数量也有显著降低,双岐杆菌和乳酸杆菌数量显著增加(P<0.05),其中以试验Ⅰ组效果最佳。(4)血清生化指标：与正常组比较,可速必宁组总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、尿素氦含量均有不同程度地提高,除白蛋白差异不显著外,其余都达到显著水平(P<0.05)；可速必宁与抗生素联用不同程度地提高了育肥猪血清中总蛋白和尿素氮含量,而对白蛋白和球蛋白的作用不明显(P>0.05)结论：1.可速必宁对硫酸抗敌素、维吉尼亚霉素、金霉素有较强的耐受性,其中以对金霉素的耐受能力最强。2.可速必宁能显著提高育肥猪的平均日增重和平均日采食量,并降低料肉比,提高饲料转化率,从而提高其生产性能；同时,可速必宁还能降低病原菌的数量,提高有益菌的数量,从而改善肠道微生态,提高机体免疫力,降低腹泻率。3.可速必宁与硫酸抗敌素、维吉尼亚霉素和金霉素合用并不影响可速必宁对育肥猪生产性能的提高和机体免疫力的增强。相反,二者联用还表现出一定地协同作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective:To explore the tolerance of antibiotics and the performance of the pig’s production, diarrhea rate, intestinal micro ecology, serum biochemical indicators, as a theoretical basis for promoting animal growth and improving immunity.Methods:1. In vitro bacteriostasis experiment:the experiment was divided into four groups, group of non-antibiotics, group of colistin sulfate, Virginia mildew hormone group and chlortetracycline group. Using double dilution method were determined by Bacillus subtilis C-3102 of different concentrations of colistin sulfate, Virginia mildew, chlortetracycline drug resistance.2. Animal experiment in vivo:300 fattening pigs were randomly divided into 5 groups, respectively:normal group, Calsporin group, experiment Ⅰ,Ⅱ, Ⅲ group, test group Ⅰ diet add Calsporin and colistin sulfate, test group Ⅱ add Calsporin and Virginia mildew element, test group Ⅲ add Calsporin and chlortetracycline. Pigs were observed daily food intake, and record each pig at the beginning of, at the end of the weight. In the 15th day and 30th day take faeces for detect and in the 30 day take blood for analysis.Results:1. In vitro antibacterial test:Bacillus subtilis C-3102 have higher tolerance for colistin sulfate, Virginia mildew element, chlortetracycline, which the tolerance of chlortetracycline was the strongest, the maximum tolerated dose for 1024ug/ml; secondly is colistin sulfate, the maximum tolerated dose for 512ug/ml; last is Virginia mildew element, the maximum tolerated dose for 128ug/ml.2.Animal experiment in vivo:(1) production performance:Calsporin group’s last average daily weight gain, average daily gain, average daily feed intake are significantly higher than those in normal group, but the feed meat ratio decreased significantly(P<0. 05).With the use of antibiotics, the effect enhanced in different degree, and the test Ⅰ, Ⅲ group have significantly different (P<0.05).(2) diarrhea rate: Calsporin group diarrhea rate was significantly lower than that of the normal group (P < 0.05); when combined with antibiotics, the effect of reduce diarrhea rate has been enhanced, but did not reach significant level (P> 0.05).(3) intestinal microbes: Calsporin group’s number of Escherichia coli (P<0.05) was significantly lower than that in normal group (P<0.05), and the number of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus increased in different degrees, and the promoting effect for Lactobacillus was significant (P<0.05).Compared with Calsporin group,Each test group’s Escherichia coli number were significantly decreased,and the number of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus increased significantly (P< 0.05), that the effect of test I group was the best.(4) serum biochemical indicators:compared with normal group, Calsporin group’s total protein, albumin, globulin, usea nitrogen content were increased in different degrees, except for albumin, the rest of the others were significant (P<0.05). Combined with Calsporin group, antibiotics groups can increase the pig’s serum total protein and urea nitrogen content, but the effect for albumin and globulin is not obvious (P> 0.05).Conclusions:1. Calsporin had strong tolerance of colistin sulfate, Virginia mildew, chlortetracycline, which the tolerance of chlortetracycline was the strongest.2.Calsporin can significantly improve the fattening average daily gain weight and average daily feed intake, and reduce the feed conversion ratio, improve the feed conversion rate, so as to improve the production performance.At the same time, Calsporin can reduce the number of pathogens, improve the number of probiotics , thereby improving the intestinal micro ecological, improve immunity, reduce the rate of diarrhea.3. Calsporin with the combination of colistin sulfate, virginiamycin and aureomycin combination does not influence the Calsporin’s effect on pig’s production performance and immunity. On the contrary, the combination of the two also showed a certain synergistic effect.更多还原