【作者】 刘伟；

【导师】 朱作贤；

【作者基本信息】 大连海事大学 ， 法学（海商法）， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 协议避碰的普遍存在给船舶碰撞案件的审判带来新的挑战,本文以协议避碰法律问题研究为题,结合海上避碰实践,从指导性案例入手,利用比较分析和实证分析等研究方法,着重探讨协议避碰的合理性、法律性质、法律效力、法律后果、以及对碰撞责任的划分产生的影响等问题。本文共分为4章。第1章:"概述"主要从协议避碰的概念、分类、表现形式以及船舶需遵守的航行规则和习惯做法等方面,对本文涉及的基础概念进行了阐述,并从优势和风险两个角度分析了协议避碰的合理性。第2章:"协议避碰的法律性质、法律效力与法律后果"主要论述了协议避碰的法律性质、法律效力以及法律后果。第3章:"协议避碰导致碰撞时碰撞责任的分担"主要讨论了协议避碰对碰撞责任性质的影响、避碰协议的举证责任和取证方法、协议避碰中的船舶碰撞过失、碰撞责任的划分。第4章:"立法建议"根据全文的讨论,提出了《规则》的修改建议。最后得出的主要结论是:①协议避碰的优势和风险并存,应通过引导和培训,充分发挥协议避碰在协调船舶间避碰行动的作用;②《规则》应当在条件成熟时明确协议避碰的法律地位;③避碰协议属于合同的范畴,其法律效力取决于其是否违反航行规则的强制性规定;④协议背离规则时,两船均丧失航路权;⑤将违反避碰协议的行为认定为船舶碰撞过失更加合理;⑥碰撞责任的划分应当以航行规则和良好船艺为主要依据,以两船达成的避碰协议为参考;⑦应当将督促驾驶员遵守航行规则的重任交给海事行政法。更多还原

【Abstract】 The widespread existence of Negotiatory collision avoidance bring many new challenges to the judgement of ship collision cases,this article,whose title is Legal Research on Negotiatory Collision Avoidance,will combine the practice of collision avoidance at sea and start with the No.31 guiding case.This paper mainly discuss the rationality,legal character,legal effect,legal consequence of negotiatory collision avoidance,its effect on the division of collision liability and other problems using the research method of comparative analysis and empirical analysis.This article is divided into four chapters.Chapter one,"The Outline",illustrates the basic concepts relating to this thesis,such as the concept,sort,manifestation of negotiatory collision avoidance,the navigation rules and usual practice that ships should comply with,etc.This chapter will also analyze the rationality of negotiatory collision avoidance from two aspects:advantage and risk.Chapter two,"The Legal Character,Legal Effect,and Legal Consequence of Negotiatory Collision Avoidance",mainly discuss the legal character,legal effect,and legal consequence of negotiatory collision avoidance.Chapter three,"The Sharing of Collision Liability When Negotiatory Collision Avoidance Lead to Collision",mainly discuss the influence produced by negotiatory collision avoidance to the nature of collision liability,the burden of proof and discovery techniques of collision avoidance agreement,the fault of ships collision during the period of negotiatory collision avoidance,and the division of collision liability.Chapter four,"legislative proposals",puts forward the amending advice of the Rule according to the full text’s discussion.The main conclusions finally obtained are:①the advantages and risks of negotiatory collision avoidance coexist,the function of negotiatory collision avoidance about coordinating collision avoidance action between ships should be brought into full play by guidance and training;②The Rule should clarify the legal status of negotiatory collision avoidance when conditions are ripe;③Collision avoidance agreement belongs to the category of the contract,and its legal effect depends on whether it violates the mandatory provisions of the navigation rules;④When the agreement departs from the Rule,both the two ships lose right of way;⑤It will be more reasonable if the action of violating collision avoidance agreement is considered to be the fault of ships collision;⑥Division of the collision liability should be mainly based on navigation rules and good seamenship,and some references should be given to collision avoidance agreement reached by ships;⑦The important task of supervising navigators to observe navigation rules should be handed over to the Maritime Administrative Law.更多还原