甘肃土族语言文字使用现状及语言态度调查研究

【作者】 刘志刚；

【导师】 杜敏；

【作者基本信息】 陕西师范大学 ， 语言学及应用语言学， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 本文对甘肃土族语言使用的现状、语言态度及其土族“新创文字”等情况进行了考察研究。主要选取了甘肃土族南北分布较有代表性的天祝县、卓尼县为调查点。通过调查研究,我们得知甘肃天祝县的土族语退化和转用情况较为严重,甚至在年轻人当中出现了断层现象；天祝土族对于天祝方言和普通话具有较高的心理认同。卓尼土族的土族语使用和保护相比天祝土族要好,但是其普通话能力和使用远不及天祝土族。两地土族对于使用语言的态度也存在着一定的差异,天祝土族对于土族语的认同感相对来说低于卓尼土族,而卓尼土族的对于汉语方言和普通话的认同又相对来说低于天祝土族。但是两地土族人民对于土族都有很高的的认同感和归属感,在谈及对于本民族语言发展的前景时,天祝土族很多人表现出了对土族语消失担忧,而卓尼土族并没有这种强烈的担忧感。在“新创文字”的推行问题上,甘肃官方根本就没有推行过此文字,只是在80年代末90年代初流传过一些土族“新创文字”的读本,也没有起到多大的作用。但是甘肃土族对于保护自己民族语言的愿望非常强烈,他们认为一旦土族语丢失,他们的族群认同将会存在较大问题。形成这种现状的原因多种多样,是各种社会、经济、文化、宗教等因素综合影响的结果。其主要原因是受“兰州经济文化辐射圈”影响响的不同造成的,同时教育水平,民族居住环境和当地语言环境和风俗、宗教习惯等不同社会因素也对甘肃土族语言使用现状产生了较大的影响。在多种因素的综合下,土族人民对于不同语言的认同和态度也在一定程度上影响了语言的使用,反过来语言的使用现状和发展趋势也在一定程度上影响了土族使用语言的态度与认同。甘肃土族语言使用现状和语言态度的发展与变迁,是社会各因素综合影响的结果。对于多民族聚居区少数民族语言的保护,我们应该坚持语言和谐发展的原则,使各语言之间的相互吸收和借用,促使其良性发展,同时采取适合当地语言发展趋势的保护政策,促进少数民族地区语言和谐发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 The paper has made a convey for the present situation of using of Tu people in Gansu Province、attitude of Tu’s language、innovation of words in Tu’s language and etc.We choose Tianzhu County in North Gansu and Zhuoni County in South Gansu because of they have representative character. We have learned that degradation and transformation of Tu’s language is very serious even the younger generation donnot use Tu’s language in Tianzhu County,Gansu Province. Tu People in Tianzhu County have common psychological identification to dialect in Tianzhu and Chinese. While the usage and protection of Tu langue in Zhuoni County is better than Tianzhu County. So Chinese is not common in Zhuoni County. The difference is existed between the two counties to the attitude of the usage of Tu language. The identification of Tu language to the Tu people in Zhuoni is lower than the Tu people in Tianzhu. But their both have high identification and Sense of belonging. When comes into the development and prospect of Tu language.Tu people in Tianzhu county is very worried by the disappearance of Tu language. While the people in Zhuoni are not. Except for some chrestomathy about word innovation of Tu Language was spreaded in late 80s and early 90s, Gansu Authority never do any work for it. But Tu people in Gansu have very strong desire in protection of their language because they believe that their identification will meet serious problem when their language is disappeared.Under the comprehensive influence of society、economy、 culture、religion and etc. The present situation is come true. We think the main factor is the influence of The Cultural Radiation ring of Lanzhou, At the same time, their educational level, living environment, local language environment,customs, religion and other different factors also made broad effect on Tu Language. Besides, Identification and attitude to Tu language, present usage and development also have important influence to Tu language.The current status of usage of Tu language and the change and development of language attitude are the result from influence of social each factor. We should insist in the harmony development to the protection to the language of ethnic minority in multi ethnic community. It is normal phenomenon that mutual-absorption and mutual-borrow. At the same time, we should take corresponding policies to protect languages of the ethnic,and to promote the development of their language.更多还原