【作者】 李爽；

【导师】 李应雪；

【作者基本信息】 大连海事大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 自2003年至今,美籍阿富汗裔作家卡勒德·胡赛尼(Khaled · Hosseini)已出版了三部小说。无论是在普通读者群中,还是在文学评论界,胡塞尼因向世界展现鲜为人知的阿富汗而受到了格外的关注,得到了高度的评价。他的最新作品《群山回唱》以阿富汗为主要背景,描写了不同人物经历的创伤,以及他们面对创伤的态度导致的不同命运。自《群山回唱》发表以来,评论家们大多从女性主义、伦理学、叙事学等理论视角对文本进行分析,较少有评论家提及胡塞尼的阿富汗移民身份对这部作品中创伤主题的构成性影响。克鲁斯的创伤理论认为,受创伤者在面对突发或灾难性的事件时,心理防御机制受到损害,创伤就会变成创伤记忆影响受创伤者的生活,因此摆脱创伤记忆的影响,从创伤中恢复,成为受创伤者的必然选择。本文基于胡塞尼的族裔身份,采用文本细读的方法,运用克鲁斯的创伤理论来分析这些人物创伤的成因、影响、以及如何从创伤中恢复。论文首先探讨作品中人物创伤的起因,包括人物对于早年创伤的记忆和对于民族与文化的创伤记忆。其次分析受害者经历的创伤如何在现实生活中展演,及对其未来生活的影响。最后分析创伤的恢复,即通过创伤叙述、身份重建和爱的治疗,探讨走出创伤阴霾,重建自我的可能性。通过分析发现,身为阿富汗裔美籍作家,胡塞尼的个体生命体验和记忆与身为阿富汗民族一份子的使命感相交融,形成了深刻的民族情结。胡塞尼独特的成长经历促成了他对于创伤的记忆和体悟。在很大程度上,文学创作成为他对创伤体验和记忆的艺术应对。在《群山回唱》中个体记忆和集体记忆是引起人物创伤的主要原因。经受创伤的阿富汗人,通过努力,可以摆脱创伤的影响,从创伤中恢复。本论文的研究,通过解读不同身份人物的创伤,说明了创伤的普遍性,及其恢复创伤的必要性,突破了以往仅从种族主义角度解读胡塞尼作品中创伤的局限,为小说的解读提供新的维度。同时也拓展文本外的社会现实意义,鼓励人们积极面对创伤。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since 2003,Khaled Hosseini,an Afghan American writer,has published three novels.Among the general readers,as well as in literary critics,Hosseini receives extraordinary attention and gets high appraisal for writing the little-known Afghanistan.Taking Afghanistan as the main background,his latest work,And the Mountains Echoed,describes the traumatic experiences of characters,and how their destinies are shaped by their different attitudes to their traumas.Since And the Mountains Echoed is published,most critics analyze the novel from the perspective of feminism,family ethics,and narratology,but few critics mention what influences Hosseini’s ethnic identity exerts on his creation.Caruth agrees that when the psychological defense mechanisms of victims are destroyed in the face of sudden or catastrophic events,trauma will become traumatic memory and influence the life of victims.Therefore,getting out of traumatic memories and recovering from trauma,become an inevitable choice of victims.Based on Hosseini’s ethnic identity,this thesis intends to analyze the causes and influences that various traumas exert upon different characters and explore ways which help recover from trauma through trauma theory of Caruth.First,the thesis discusses the causes of the characters’ traumas,including characters’ traumatic memories of early experiences as well as traumatic memories of nation and culture.Second,it expounds the performance and influence of traumas in victims’ life.Third,it analyzes the ways to recover from trauma,in which three main ways are mentioned:trauma narrative,identity reconstruction and love cure.The following findings can be obtained through analysis.First,as an Afghan American writer,Hosseini’s individual life experiences and memories,together with a sense of ethnic mission,form a deep"national complex".The unique growth experience constructs Hosseini’s memories of past traumas.To a large extent,artistic works can be regarded as possible solutions to his trauma.Second,individual and collective memories are the major causes of characters’ trauma in And the Mountains Echoed.The Afghans who suffer traumas can get rid of the influence of traumas and recover from traumas through efforts.This thesis has interpreted the traumas of characters that have different identities,in which it showed the universality of trauma and necessity of recovering from trauma.Meanwhile,the thesis breaks the limit of previous study which only interprets trauma in Hosseini’s works from racial perspective and also expands the study of Hosseini’s works.Trauma theory offers the thesis a new perspective to give fresh interpretation,while providing realistic inspiration and insights that stimulate people to be positive about trauma.更多还原