【作者】 张娟；

【导师】 崔斌；

【作者基本信息】 西北大学 ， 学科教学（化学）（专业学位）， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以美国的STS教育理念以及笔者参与陕西春笋计划的基础上做的研究。STS理念是通过让学生对科学产生兴趣进而培养具有科学素养的公民。陕西省在北京市“翱翔计划”和上海市“拔尖创新人才培养基地”成功经验的基础上提出的春笋计划,其目的是通过让高中生进入大学接触高等教育的课题研究,形成相关研究报告,培养高中生的创新能力,提高其科学素养。化学实验能力是组成科学素养的必不可少的一部分,因此,培养高中生的化学实验能力是当前化学教学中急需解决的一个问题。笔者参与了陕西省“春笋计划”的指导后,发现参与该计划的高中生的化学实验能力存在诸多问题,为进一步了解高中生的化学实验能力现状并制定行之有效的措施以改变这种状况。以西安市含光中学、西安高级中学和陕西实验中学的中学化学教师和高中生为调查对象,分别编制了教师和学生问卷。调查问卷中涉及有关学生的化学常识、化学知识掌握、化学实验态度和兴趣、化学实验操、化学实验观察、化学实验处理、化学实验习惯和安全、以及化学实验创新等方面的问题,通过发放并回收问卷分析了当下造成高中生化学实验能力薄弱的原因,并根据调查结果提出了针对性的措施。从问卷回收的答案中可以总结出,造成高中生化学实验能力薄弱的主要原因有：(1)学校只重视学生的化学书面考试成绩而忽视学生的化学实验能力;(2)化学实验条件较差。通过分析,笔者分别从学生、教师以及学校三个方面提出了培养学生化学实验能力的措施：(1)学生：巩固基础知识；培养良好的实验习惯和实验心理；加强自我监督;(2)教师：改进教学方法；适当开展化学课外活动等；(3)学校：开放实验室；校本培训；实施合理的化学考核方式。化学是一门以实验为主的学科,教育界逐渐倡导并重视中学生的化学实验能力培养,本论文通过相关研究可为学生的全面发展提供一定指导依据,并为化学教学改革提供一定参考依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 This article is based on the concept of STS education and Shaanxi bamboo shoots plan, STS makes students interest in science and then develops citizens with scientific literacy. The bamboo shoots plan which is proposed by Shaanxi province on the basis of the successful experience of "The base of training top innovative talents in Shanghai "and "flying plan in Beijing",whose aim is to let high school students contact the experimental research to form related research reports after they enter the university. Finally improving innovative ability of students and their scientific literacy by doing the above.Chemical experimental ability is an essential part of scientific literacy, therefore, it is an urgent problem to cultivate high school students’ chemistry experimental ability.The author found that there are many problems in the chemistry experimental ability of high school students in the process of participating in the Shaanxi bamboo shoots plan.In order to further understand the present situation of high school students’ chemistry experiment al ability and to take effective measures to change this situation, so in Xi’an City, teachers and high school students from Weiyang District middle school were investigated to prepare the questionnaires respectively, which involves common chemistry knowledge of students, attitude and interest in chemistry experiment, chemistry experiment operation, chemical experimental observation, chemical processing, chemical experiment habit and safety and innovation of chemistry experiment etc.Through the issuance of questionnaires and analysis of the causes of weak chemical experiment ability among high school students, some measures were put forward.From the questionnaires, the answer can be summarized as follows, main reasons led to the chemical experiment ability of high school students is following:(1) The school only pays more attention to student’s chemistry written scores and ignores students’ ability of chemistry experiment.(2)The poor experimental conditions.Through the analysis, the paper puts forward the measures to cultivate students’ ability of Chemistry Experiment from three aspects of students, teachers and school.(1)Students:consolidate the basic knowledge;cultivate good experimental habits and experimental psychology; strengthen the self-supervision;(2)Teachers:improve teaching methods and carry out extra-curricular activities such as chemistry;(3)Schools:Open Laboratory;school-based training; the implementation of a reasonable way of chemical assessment.Chemistry is a subject based on experiment. Educational field attaches great importance to the cultivation of the ability in high school students’ chemical experiments.This paper aims to provides guiding evidences and reference basis for the reform of chemistry teaching through related research.更多还原