威廉·詹姆斯宗教思想研究

【作者】 刘军；

【导师】 张茂泽；

【作者基本信息】 西北大学 ， 中国史， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 威廉·詹姆斯(1842年-1902年)是美国著名的宗教心理学家,其宗教思想独树一帜,他以心理学和哲学思想作为理论基础,为宗教信仰的价值寻找依据,建立了经验主义宗教观和实用主义宗教观。本文拟从个人思想的整体出发,对宗教思想进行展开,希望能够对詹姆斯宗教思想有一个系统的论述。首先,詹姆斯的宗教思想基于美国宗教现状的考察,美国宗教发展本身就重侧重个人宗教体验；在家庭中,老亨利·詹姆斯的基督教神学思想以及对科学技术的崇拜使詹姆斯在处理宗教问题时也将二者相调和；在个人经历中,詹姆斯的精神危机使他开始反思宗教信仰。德国意志主义挽救了其精神危机,使其了解到信仰本身的内涵；同时,詹姆斯在欧洲学习了心理学,并将欧洲心理学系统化,形成了以自我意识为基础的心理学思想；他将皮尔士的实用主义原则吸收并结合自己的心理学建立了实用主义真理观；詹姆斯吸收英国经验主义,坚持经验主义态度,创建了彻底经验主义的哲学体系。这些共同构成了其宗教思想的理论基础。其次,詹姆斯宗教思想的主旨是为宗教信仰辩护,寻找宗教的价值。早期信仰的意志,詹姆斯强调信仰的意义在于信仰本身,只有选择信仰才能认识到信仰的意义并获得宗教救赎；随着其心理学和哲学思想的发展,詹姆斯开始在最广泛意义上建立宗教的合法性,他将宗教界定为宗教经验,通过对选择宗教信仰到真正皈依以及成为圣徒这一宗教经验过程详细地展开,并对宗教经验进行心理学阐释,以此来说明宗教满足了个体的心理学需求,具有实用主义的价值。最后,詹姆斯不仅建立了其宗教思想体系,同时也提供了研究宗教的方法；本文基于詹姆斯思想与庄子思想的一致性,以詹姆斯的宗教思想为基础对庄子文本进行了理解,说明了庄子思想中的宗教性。詹姆斯对于宗教研究的现象学方法是其宗教思想的特色,对于我们宗教研究有着指导意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 William James (1842-1902) is a famous American religion psychologist, the religious thoughts are unique. Base on his philosophy and psychology, he is looking for the value of religion. He established religious empiricism and pragmatism. This paper starting from the unity of his thought, based on the 19 th-century American religious social situation, discussing its religious thought, hoping to be able to for building a system in James religious thought. This article is divided into five parts.First, James’s religious thought is based on the condition of the religion in the United States, American religion focus on personal religious experience. In the family, old Henry James’religious thought and admire of science makes James change the relation of science and religion; In personal experience, spiritual crisis made him began to think the religious beliefs. German voluntarism saved the spiritual crisis and let him understand the connotation of faith; James in Europe learning psychology, and he build the systematic psychology; he study Peirce’s pragmatism principle and establish the pragmatic truth base on his own psychology; James absorbs British empiricism, adhere to the attitude of empiricism, create the radical empiricism philosophy. These together constitute the theoretical basis of his religious thought.Secondly, the main purpose of James’s religious thought is to defend the religious belief and find the value of religion. In the early thought of the will to belive, James stressed the significance of faith is faith itself, only faith in order to recognize the significance of faith and religious salvation. With the development of the psychological and philosophical ideas, James began to legitimacy in the most extensive significance on the establishment of the religion, he will be defined religion as religious experience, through to choose a religion to true refuge and become saints the religious experience in detail, and psychological interpretation of religious experience, in order to explain religion, to satisfy the psychological needs of the individual, with a pragmatic value.Finally, James not only establish a religious ideology, but also provide methods of the study of religion. This paper based on the consistency of James thought and Zhuang Zi’s thought, use James’s religious thought in order to analysis the text of Zhuang Zi and understand the ZhuangZi’s thought. In the end this essay indicating that the Zhuangzi thoughts of religious. James’s phenomenological approach to religious studies is the characteristic of his religious thought, which has guiding significance for the study of religion.更多还原