【作者】 胡敏；

【导师】 刘鹏；

【作者基本信息】 青岛理工大学 ， 应用经济学， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 作为新型农业经营主体,近年来我国的农民专业合作社获得了速度较快、引人注目的发展,在转变农村粗放型经济增长方式、扩大农业生产经营规模、提升农产品的市场竞争力、增加农户家庭收入等方面都起到了重要作用,是国家支农政策扶持的重要载体,已经进入提质增效发展阶段。然而,在它的进一步发展过程中,经营规范性差、抵押和担保困难、资金积累有限和资金来源渠道狭窄等因素带来了融资难问题,一直难以解决,严重制约了它的发展壮大,引起了各方的高度关注。山东省农民合作社的数量高居全国第一,融资难问题也在某种程度上困扰着其良性的可持续发展。本文以山东省为例研究农民合作社的发展现状及其融资中存在的问题,分析问题背后的原因,通过实地调研所得数据粗略进行了影响因素的实证分析,并联系山东省的两权抵押贷款试点、农村信用互助试点、“互联网+农村金融”等进行破解融资难题的现实实践,提出了相应的对策和建议。本文的主要研究结论是:第一,融资缺口较大和融资难度较高问题依然是当前制约农民合作社深入发展的首要问题,主要原因在于涉农贷款的金融供给不足、有效的抵押物缺乏、涉农贷款的担保费用较高、农业的弱质性、民间借贷的高成本,地方财政支持资金非常有限。信息不对称、信贷配给和昂贵的交易费用制约了合作社的筹资能力和借贷意愿。当正规金融机构贷款成为不可能时,合作社会求助于民间借贷或由社长或主要资金大户主动垫付资金。第二,社长的特征、担保或抵押、固定资产规模、信用等级评定、银企关系、内部融资机制和社员内部凝聚力是影响其融资的主要影响因素。第三,合作社的规范经营和水平提升需要政策的大力引导、支持和强力监管。对于空壳社、冒牌社、骗取补贴或优惠政策、非法集资等影响合作社整体信誉的现象,应予以彻底整顿治理。对于品牌建设、销售渠道拓展、外部资本引入、信息化与示范社建设、信息披露与信用评级等有助于获取融资支持的行为,应予以鼓励。第四,山东省的信用互助业务试点和“两权”抵押贷款试点不足以从根本上解决其融资难题。“互联网+合作社”模式的大力发展和互联网金融的下乡,有助于改善农民合作社的融资处境。为了进一步改善农民合作社的融资处境和提高融资效率、降低融资成本,建议提高农民合作社的经营管理与盈利能力、完善其内部融资机制、提高农村金融机构的涉农服务能力、完善“两权抵押贷款”相关实施政策、推动“互联网+合作社”在销售和融资方面的深度融合、加强政府的引导扶持和规范监管。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a new agricultural business entities,in recent years the farmer specialized cooperatives in China has obtained rapid development,in the transformation of the mode of economic growth in rural areas,expansion of agricultural production scale and improve the competitiveness of the industry,increase the income of farmers have played an important role in supporting agriculture is an important carrier of national policy support,has entered the stage of development quality and efficiency.However,in the process of its further development,operating norms of difference,mortgage and guarantee the accumulation of funds difficult,limited and narrow channels of funding and other factors brought about the problem of financing,it is difficult to solve,it seriously restricts the development and growth,aroused great concern of all parties.The number of farmers " cooperatives in Shandong province ranks first in the whole country.Difficult financing problems also plagued the development of farmers" cooperatives in Shandong.This paper takes Shandong province for analysis of problems and causes of the current situation of the development and financing of farmer cooperatives in the study,and according to the data obtained from field research conducted roughly the empirical analysis of influencing factors in Shandong Province,and two right mortgage pilot,rural mutual credit pilot,"Internet plus rural finance" to solve the financing the problem of practice,put forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.The main conclusions of this paper are:First,the financing gap and financing is still the primary problem restricting the development of farmer cooperatives at present,the main reason lies in the high cost,lack of financial supply of agricultural loan collateral,lack of effective agricultural loan guarantee fee is higher,the weakness of agriculture,private lending,local financial support funds is very limited.Asymmetric information,credit rationing and expensive transaction costs restrict the financing ability and willingness of cooperatives.When the formal financial institutions become impossible,cooperative society turn to private lending or by the president or the main large funds initiative to advance funds.Second,President of the characteristics,guarantee or mortgage,fixed assets scale,credit rating,the relationship between banks and enterprises,internal financing mechanism and the internal cohesion of members is its main influencing factors of financing.Third,the standard operation and level of cooperatives to enhance the need to guide the policy of strong support and strong supervision.For shell,counterfeit agency agency,defrauding subsidies or preferential policies,such as the illegal fund-raising cooperative influence the overall credibility of the phenomenon,should be thoroughly rectify.For brand building,sales channel development,the introduction of external capital,information technology and the construction of the model,information disclosure and credit rating and other acts,should be encouraged.Fourth,Shandong Province,the pilot of the credit cooperative business and the two right mortgage pilot is not enough to fundamentally solve their financing problems."Internet plus cooperative" mode to develop Internet banking and to contribute to the improvement of farmer cooperatives financing situation.In order to alleviate and improve farmers " cooperatives financing problems,suggestions to improve farmers" cooperative operation and management ability,improve the internal financing mechanism,improve the rural financial institutions of agricultural service ability,improve the "two mortgage" related to the implementation of policies to promote "in sales and financing the Internet + cooperative",strengthen the depth of integration the guidance of the government support and supervision.更多还原