【作者】 李勇；

【导师】 杨波；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 法律硕士（专业学位）， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 伴随着我国经济的快速发展,人们思想意识发生显著变化,价值取向多元化、社会生活状态复杂化、社会矛盾突出化是其中不可回避的问题,在各种社会压力和因素的影响下,我国精神病人患病率也在显著增加,随之而来的是现实生活中,精神疾病患者杀人、伤人等危害社会甚至违法犯罪的事件时常成为社会关注的焦点,精神病人肇事肇祸已严重影响到公民人身财产安全和社会秩序的稳定,成为影响我国公民权利与社会稳定的重大社会问题。在2012年以前,我国关于对精神病人医疗的规定多为行政性规范,由于缺乏权威立法和诉讼程序保障,使得长期以来我国对精神病人的医疗在运行机制上存在严重的行政化倾向,其中如何对依法不负刑事责任精神病人进行强制医疗以防止其继续危害社会更成为司法实践难解之题,因此有必要在刑事诉讼法中设立强制医疗程序。这是司法现实状况的必然要求,更是国家保障人权和保障社会安定的应尽之举。为满足司法现实需要,发挥法律在稳定社会秩序中的权威性作用,我国于2012年在修订后的《刑事诉讼法》中以特别程序的形式增设了依法不负刑事责任的精神病人的强制医疗程序,从刑事诉讼层面对依法不负刑事责任的精神病人的强制医疗进行权威和规范性立法,在适用对象、适用条件、决定主体、启动程序、审理程序、执行程序、解除程序和法律监督等方面对强制医疗作出了较为全面的规定。这是我国第一次从刑事诉讼法律层面上对强制医疗的进行规范,实现了强制医疗程序诉讼从无到有的开创性发展,也实现了我国精神病人违法犯罪后的规范化处置,发挥了法律在保护人权和维护社会秩序中所不可替代的作用,针对依法不负刑事责任精神病人犯罪危及公共安全的现实问题提出了一个较为完整的解决方案,为强制医疗在我国的具体适用提供了依据,特点突出,意义重大。然而,因为这是在刑事立法层面强制医疗程序首次入律,由于法律自身的滞后性、保守性,法治的实现不可能一蹴而就,依据我国《刑事诉讼法》和相关司法解释,目前我国关于强制医疗程序适用的规定仍然存在适用对象过窄、执行主体不清、司法鉴定未规定实质性调查程序、法律监督设置粗陋等问题,造成强制医疗程序在适用过程中遇到适用标准难以把握、执行困难和法律监督不到位等困境。因此,笔者以强制医疗司法化的理念,从实现立法目的,完善司法价值角度出发,运用规范分析、实证分析等研究方法,从强制医疗程序的概念、特点等基本理论入手,探究该程序在法律和社会两个层面的价值,在对我国强制医疗程序立法和司法适用现状进行分析的基础上,发现该程序在立法和司法实践中存在的问题和适用过程中遇到的困境,总结其中规律性认识。一方面通过完善立法,科学搭建我国强制医疗程序适用之“骨架”,另一方面通过细化程序,合理衔接强制医疗程序适用之“筋脉”。从以上两个方面入手,提出完善强制医疗程序适用的意见和建议,不断推动立法和司法进步。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of China’s economy, people’s ideology has undergone significant changes, value orientation, social life of complicated social contradictions is the unavoidable problem in social pressure and influence of various factors, the prevalence rate of mental patients in China has increased significantly, followed by real life in patients with mental disorders, killing, wounding harm to society and even criminal events often become the focus of attention, troublemaking mental patients have serious influence to the citizens’ personal and property safety and social stability, has become a major social problem affecting China’s civil rights and social stability. Before 2012, China’s regulation on medical treatment of mental patients, for administrative and medical norms, due to the lack of authority of legislation and procedural safeguards, so long on the spirit of the patient’s medical has serious administrative tendency in operation mechanism, especially the negative crime according to law criminal responsibility for compulsory psychiatric patients medical problems become more difficult problems in judicial practice. Therefore, it is necessary to establish the compulsory medical procedure in the criminal procedure law, which is the inevitable request of the judicial reality condition, it is the country to guarantee human rights, and to ensure the social stability.In order to meet the practical needs of judicial authority, play the role of law in the stable social order in China in 2012, in the revised "Criminal Procedure Law" in the form of additional special procedures in accordance with the law is not criminally responsible for the mental patients forced medical procedures, compulsory medical treatment for mentally ill criminal law of the authoritative and normative legislation in the criminal procedure in the applicable objects, applicable conditions, decision subject, starting procedure, trial procedure, execution, termination procedure and legal supervision has made more comprehensive provisions on compulsory medical treatment. This is the first time in China from the aspect of law of criminal procedure of compulsory medical norms, implementation of compulsory medical treatment for the pioneering development of disposal norms also realized the mental patients in China after the crime, played a law on the protection of human rights and the maintenance of social order in the irreplaceable role in according to the practical problems of negative crime criminal responsibility of mental patients do not endanger public safety and propose a more complete solution for the compulsory medical treatment provides the basis, in the specific application of our distinctive characteristics and significance. However, this is the level of criminal legislation of compulsory medical procedure for the first time into the law, because the law itself lag, conservative, realizing the rule of law can not be achieved, according to China’s "Criminal Procedure Law" and relevant judicial interpretations, at present our country about the compulsory medical applicable regulations still exist for object is too narrow, the executive body is not clear judicial appraisal, regulations, substantive investigation procedure, legal supervision and other issues have not set a rule, caused by the forced medical procedures in the application process there are still applicable standards to grasp and implementation difficulties and legal supervision is not in place and other difficulties.Therefore, the author holds the concept of compulsory medical judicature, in order to achieve the purpose of legislation, perfecting the judicial value perspective, using the research methods of normative analysis and empirical analysis, the basic theory of the concept and characteristics of the compulsory medical procedure, inquiry procedures in the two aspects of legal and social value, based on medical procedures and legislation the judicial application and the status quo of China’s compulsory analysis, found that the program exists in the legislative and judicial problems in the practice and application in the process of the plight of the regularity among them. On the one hand, through the improvement of legislation, scientific set up China’s compulsory medical procedure applies to the "skeleton", on the other hand through the refinement process, reasonable convergence of compulsory medical procedure for "tendons". From the above two aspects, the improvement of the application of medical procedures to improve the opinions and suggestions, and constantly promote the legislative and judicial progress.更多还原