【作者】 李颖；

【导师】 何俊；

【作者基本信息】 安徽大学 ， 法律硕士（法学）（专业学位）， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 转化型抢劫罪由于其存在对人身使用暴力和暴力威胁,同时又实施了侵犯财产犯罪,所以刑法规定,对该种行为按照抢劫罪定罪处刑。自刑法规定转化型抢劫犯罪以来,由于该种行为犯罪构成的复杂性以及法条规定具有概括和笼统性,学界在转化型抢劫罪的构成要件等问题方面一直存在着很大的争议。例如转化型抢劫犯罪的前提条件否需要达到犯罪构成标准,理论上就存在着肯定说、否定说和折中说等几种不同观点。笔者认为,作为转化型抢劫罪前提条件的数额限制是不合理的,主要的原因则在于转化型抢劫在本质上与抢劫罪并无区别。对于法条中“犯盗窃、诈骗、抢夺罪”的这种表述,我们当然不能僵硬的认为就是要构成这几类犯罪,而应当理解为是一个动态的违法过程。同时,作为转化型抢劫犯罪前提条件的盗窃、诈骗、抢夺,不仅包括那些普通的盗窃、诈骗、抢夺罪,同时也应当包括那些具有这些犯罪性质的特殊类型的盗窃、诈骗、抢夺罪,如盗窃枪支弹药罪、盗窃国家机关公文证件印章罪等特殊的盗窃罪,集资诈骗罪、合同诈骗罪、金融诈骗罪、信用卡诈骗罪等特殊的诈骗罪以及抢夺国有档案罪、抢夺枪支弹药罪等特殊的抢夺罪。行为人在实施这些犯罪行为的时候,也能转化成抢劫罪。抢劫罪是一种以非法占有为目的的犯罪,而转化型抢劫罪在主观方面是否应当包含非法占有的目的,学界也是争论不下。笔者对此持肯定态度。关于转化型抢劫罪中暴力或暴力相威胁的程度这一问题,我们通过普通抢劫罪这方面的构成,得出在转化型抢劫罪中同样也应当达到足以压制一般人反抗的程度。至于构成转化型抢劫罪的主体要件,笔者认为不满16周岁的人即便是在进行盗窃、诈骗、抢夺之后使用了暴力仍然不能构成转化型抢劫罪。转化型抢劫罪是否属于转化犯,理论界对此有不同认识。多数学者认为转化型抢劫罪是转化犯的一种表现形式,这也是这种犯罪之所以叫被做转化型抢劫罪的原因。笔者认为,转化型抢劫罪尽管与转化犯在某种程度上具有相似性,但其仍然与转化犯有很多不同之处。主要表现在转化型抢劫罪的先前行为并没有像转化犯一样达到犯罪的标准；转化犯前后两个行为都能够单独成立犯罪而转化型抢劫罪前后两种行为都不必须成立犯罪。转化型抢劫罪由于由先后两个部分构成,因此,如果先前行为没有达到既遂的情况下,转化型抢劫罪是否能构成既遂成为问题。同时,转化型抢劫罪因其存在非法占有和窝藏赃物、毁灭罪证、抗拒抓捕的双重目的,犯罪既遂与具体哪一个主观目的有关,也是一个一直存在争议的问题。笔者认为认为转化型抢劫罪的既遂与否与两个主观目的都紧密相连,任何一个主观目的没有达到都不能认定为是转化型抢劫罪的既遂。由于转化型抢劫是由盗窃、诈骗、抢夺等先前行为和暴力或暴力威胁的后行为两部分构成的,所以可能存在有的行为人参与前行为没有参与后行为,或者参与后行为者没有参与前行为的情况,这些情况下行为人之间是否构成转化型抢劫的共犯,涉及到共犯的成立条件问题。笔者认为行为人在只参与前行为,而对后行为不知情的则不成立共犯；行为人只参与后行为而没有参与前行为的则分为行为人主动加入后行为和行为人独立实施后行为两种情况,笔者均认为成立共犯,对此本文也有详细的叙述。此外,在我国未满十六周岁的人是不需要对盗窃、诈骗个、抢夺行为负刑事责任的,但其是否可以成为转化型抢劫罪的共犯?笔者认为给予刑法之所以将一个行为规定为犯罪是基于其违法性和有责性,而未满十六周岁的人对盗窃、诈骗、抢夺不负刑事责任是由于其缺乏有责性,但并不能否认其行为的违法性。因此笔者认为未满十六周岁的人与成年人是可以构成转化型抢劫罪的共犯的。更多还原

【Abstract】 Transformed robbery is a common type of crime in practice. There are controversies in every aspect in transformed robbery since the complicated crime components and the general regulations.The first part of this article begins with crime components of transformed robbery. From the perspective of prerequisite, in the Criminal Law sections, the statement is "guilty of theft, fraud, snatch crime", this statement made the academia has debates over the years. There are at least three types of theory that if the acts of theft, fraud, snatch should meet the standard constitutes a crime in prerequisite of transformed robbery. The writer believes that the limit of the amount in prerequisite is not reasonable. Additionally, special types of theft, fraud, snatch, such as the crime of illegal felling of trees, stealing firearms, ammunition, special larceny theft of state organs documents and other documents and seals, contract fraud, financial fraud, financial fraud, credit card fraud and other fraud as well as a special state-owned archives snatch crime, robbery special snatch firearms, ammunition and other crime would be components of prerequisite of transformed robbery. This paper also made an corresponding explanation of the transformed robbery subjective purpose. And transformed robbery subjective purpose should include whether the purpose of illegal possession, the academic debate is ongoing. For example, that if the purpose of the perpetrator’s violence or the threat of violence is not harboring stolen property, resisting arrest, destruction of evidence, it can not constitute transformed robbery. This article holds a positive attitude. The extent of the use of violence or threat of violence, this article from ordinary robbery comparative perspective of their point of view. In addition, there is a major problem of the composition of transformed robbery, that the the person who are fourteen years old but under 16 years of age can or cannot constitute the main body of Transformed Robbery. Accurately identify the constituent elements of transformed robbery helps judicial practice fair and reasonable and fair.And then we discusses the relationship between the transformed robbery and committing conversion. Most scholars believe that transformed robbery is a type of conversion. This is also the reason that the crime is called transformed robbery. However, the research for this paper to define the conversion of discoveries into committing robbery committed despite the conversion coincides with a degree of presence, it still had a lot of different features and transforming crime. Therefore, an important task is to clarify the nature of transformed robbery, which is also a better research into transformed robbery. In this paper, the writer illustrates the view starting with various reasonable and unreasonable doctrines.Transformed robbery are divided into two parts because it is the previous behavior and acts constituting the rear, it leads to the next if the previous behavior did not meet the conditions of accomplishment, transformed robbery whether accomplished; and there are also transformed robbery and illegal possession harboring stolen goods, destruction of evidence, the purpose of resisting arrest, then accomplished crime with which a subjective purpose as scholars have debated. This leads to the conversion of attempted transformed robbery is difficult to identify. Scholars have also generated a fierce debate. And scholars have different views in the problem that if there is attempted transformed robbery, the author expounded this in this paper as well.The last part of this article discusses the accomplice of transformed robbery. Due to the two parts of transformed robbery, which includes a previously behavior and later acts of violence, so it may cause some perpetrator to participate in pervious behavior and not involved in later acts, or the perpetrator engaged in later acts without pervious behavior, in these cases, is the perpetrator constitute a crime. In addition, for perpetrator under 14 years of age who has no criminally responsibility, but whether the perpetrator will become an accomplice transformed robbery? For these problems, the paper expounded and cited a number of cases with national and international scholars’views.更多还原