【作者】 曾国平；

【导师】 陈厚彬；

【作者基本信息】 华南农业大学 ， 农业推广硕士（专业学位）， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究选取‘桂味’、‘鸡嘴荔’、‘糯米糍’荔枝作为调查对象进行不同区域年度生长量调查,旨在准确掌握这三种荔枝品种的生长发育情况及差异,为荔枝梢期生长控制、花期生长控制、果实发育及品质调控和生态适应性研究等方面积累基础数据。同时,采用荔枝叶片营养诊断法,分析这三种品种在不同地域的营养状况,为荔枝营养诊断提供理论支撑,为在制订树体营养管理方案提供生物学依据。具体研究结果如下:1、在国家现代农业产业技术体系的配合下,分析‘桂味’、‘糯米糍’、‘鸡嘴荔’三个荔枝品种的种植区域和面积。‘桂味’在广东、广西、福建、云南和四川省均有种植,种植面积34,700 ha;‘糯米糍’也分布在上述5个省份,种植面积21,100 ha;‘鸡嘴荔’主要分布在两广地区,种植面积9,700 ha。2、‘桂味’多为15年以上的高龄树,2015年,树冠直径平均5.2 m,树冠表面积平均46.4 m2;2016年,树冠直径平均5.1 m,树冠表面积平均46.8 m2。2015年,每平方米树冠的平均枝梢数41.4条;单株末端枝梢总数平均1795.3条,秋梢的总长度平均为23.7cm,高龄树以2次梢居多,低龄树留3次梢;每条秋梢复叶数平均15.5张,花穗长度平均18.7 cm。2016年,每平方米树冠的平均枝梢数30.1条;单株末端枝梢总数平均1811.6条,秋梢的总长度平均为22.8 cm,高龄树以2次梢居多,低龄树留3次梢;每条秋梢复叶数平均12.1张,花穗长度平均16.6 cm。3、‘鸡嘴荔’多为10年以上的高龄树,2015年,树冠直径平均6.2 m,树冠表面积平均59.1 m2;2016年,树冠直径平均5.4 m,树冠表面积平均51.5 m2。2015年,每平方米树冠的平均枝梢数59.9条;单株末端枝梢总数平均3102.8条,秋梢的总长度平均为19.6 cm,高龄树以2次梢居多,低龄树留3次梢;每条秋梢复叶数平均13.1张,花穗长度平均14.1 cm。2016年,每平方米树冠的平均枝梢数38.9条;单株末端枝梢总数平均1980.2条,秋梢的总长度平均为19.4 cm,高龄树以2次梢居多,低龄树留3次梢;每条秋梢复叶数平均10.8张,花穗长度平均12.2 cm。4、‘糯米糍’多为15年以上的高龄树,2015年,树冠直径平均5.8 m,树冠表面积平均58.9 m2;2016年,树冠直径平均6.0 m,树冠表面积平均59.8 m2。2015年,每平方米树冠的平均枝梢数44.7条;单株末端枝梢总数平均2641.3条,秋梢的总长度平均为18.3 cm,秋梢生长次数大部分地区为2次;每条秋梢复叶数平均8.2张,花穗长度平均11.9 cm。2016年,每平方米树冠的平均枝梢数33.1条;单株末端枝梢总数平均1929.7条,秋梢的总长度平均为19.9 cm,秋梢生长次数大部分地区为2次;每条秋梢复叶数平均10.0张,花穗长度平均11.1 cm。5、各产区‘桂味’、‘糯米糍’、‘鸡嘴荔’的叶片营养含量测试表明,磷元素和钾元素的含量低于标准值(N:16.48~20.65 g/kg,P:1.82~2.26 g/kg)。建议适当增加磷和钾的施用量,避免因施肥不足导致树体营养缺失的现象。更多还原

【Abstract】 This study selected ’Guiwei’, ’Jizuili’ and ’Nuomici’ for the survey of annual growth in different area. The contents of nutritional compounds were investigated to establish the relationship between annual growth and fertilization.1, ’Guiwei’ is mainly cultivated in Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Yunnan and Sichuan provinces, and the total planting acreage was about 34, 700 ha. ’Nuomici’ is also distributed in the five provinces, and the planting area is about 21,000 ha. ’Jizuili’ is mainly planted in Guangdong and Guangxi provinces with 9,700 ha of planting acreage.2, The investigated ’Guiwei’ plants are mostly about 15 years-old trees, and the average crown diameter of the tree is about 5.2 m, and the average crown surface area is 46.8m2. By2016, the average crown diameter of the tree is about 5.1 m, and the average crown surface area are 46.8 m2. In 2015, the annual average per square the average number of shoot-meter crown is 41.4, and average total number of shoots per plant end is 1795.3, and the total length of the autumn shoots averaged is 23.7cm, and growth times of shoot of elderly tree is mostly twice as three times of young tree, and the average number of leaves is 15.5, and average length of spikes is 18.7cm. By 2016, the annual average per square the average number of shoot-meter crown is 41.4, and average total number of shoots per plant end is1795.3, and the total length of the autumn shoots averaged is 23.7cm, and growth times of shoot of elderly tree is mostly twice as three times of young tree The average number of leaves is 15.5, and average length of spikes is 18.7cm.3, The investigated ’Jizuili’ plants are mostly about 10 years-old trees, and the average crown diameter of the tree is about 6.2 m, and the average crown surface area is 59.1 m2.By2016, the average crown diameter of the tree is about 5.4 m, and the average crown surface area are 51.5 m2. In 2015, the annual average per square the average number of shoot-meter crown is 59.9, and average total number of shoots per plant end is 3102.8, and the total length of the autumn shoots averaged is 19.6 cm, and growth times of shoot of elderly tree is mostly twice as three times of young tree, and the average number of leaves is 13.1, and average length of spikes is 14.1 cm. By 2016, the annual average per square the average number of shoot-meter crown is 38.9, and average total number of shoots per plant end is1980.2, and the total length of the autumn shoots averaged is 19.4 cm, and growth times of shoot of elderly tree is mostly twice as three times of young tree The average number of leaves is 10.8, and average length of spikes is 12.2 cm.4, The investigated ’Nuomici’ plants are mostly about 15 years-old trees, and the average crown diameter of the tree is about 5.8 m, and the average crown surface area is 58.9 m2.By2016, the average crown diameter of the tree is about 6.0 m, and the average crown surface area are 59.8 m2 In 2015, the annual average per square the average number of shoot-meter crown is 44.7,and average total number of shoots per plant end is 2640.3, and the total length of the autumn shoots averaged is 18.3 cm, and growth times of shoot is mostly twice,and the average number of leaves is 8.2, and average length of spikes is 11.9 cm. By 2016,the annual average per square the average number of shoot-meter crown is 33.1, and average total number of shoots per plant end is 1929.7, and the total length of the autumn shoots averaged is 19.9 cm, and growth times of shoot is mostly twice, The average number of leaves is 10.0, and average length of spikes is 11.1 cm.5, According to the analysis of nutrition compounds, the contents of phosphorus and potassium of these three litchi cultivars were lower than the standard value(N: 16.48~20.65g/kg, P:1.82~2.26 g/kg).更多还原