【作者】 徐亮；

【导师】 曾庆喜；

【作者基本信息】 南京航空航天大学 ， 工程硕士（专业学位）， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 随着科技的进步,电动汽车已成为汽车产业的重要发展趋势。目前,我国的电动汽车充电设施已建成使用的有充电站和充电桩,使用方式均为手动式充电,智能化程度较低,且对使用时的技术方法和使用安全性提出了较高要求。另一方面,电动汽车露天停放时缺少一些必要防护,因而容易被晒伤、冻伤、刮伤,使用车衣是解决这些问题的有效办法,但现有车衣大多为手动车衣,使用起来很麻烦。为了解决这些问题,本文设计了一种电动汽车自动充电及自动车衣一体机(简称电动汽车自动车衣)。自动充电装置可以给电动汽车自动充电,自动车衣可以对电动汽车进行自动防护,此外,车衣不仅可以应用于电动汽车,也能应用于各种非电动汽车。在一体机的结构设计方面,本文设计的扭矩存储与缓慢输出装置可以储存电机能量,在需要时再将储存的能量缓慢释放,使自动车衣的动力分配更加合理,在自动车衣中起着安全防护的作用。设计的自动充电装置具有X、Y、Z三个方向的自由度,通过三个方向上的步进电机的联动,实现充电接口的空间运动。针对扭矩存储与缓慢输出装置中液压缸孔口非恒定出流时缺少非线性变化载荷下的计算公式,无法对缓冲时间进行量化分析,建立了非线性变化载荷下的孔口非恒定出流的流速和流量的数学模型,推导出扭矩存储与缓慢输出装置扭矩输出的时间。自动充电装置控制方面主要设计了一种基于高精度A/D转换的定位控制系统,通过中位值平均滤波算法,消除由于脉冲干扰引起的采样值偏差,提高A/D采样精度。定位控制系统位以线性霍尔传感器两端电压为位置反馈量,对步进电机的转速进行闭环控制,同时为提高定位精度,解决步进电机“超步”和“失步”问题,对步进电机的升降速控制进行了一定的研究,并对自动充电装置自动充电时步进电机的控制策略进行了一定的研究。最后,为防止主电源受损或停电等情况下电动汽车因为包在车衣中且和自动充电装置连接而无法使用,设计了一种基于光伏电池和超级电容的备用电源系统。此外对电动汽车自动车衣控制系统进行了低功耗设计。更多还原

【Abstract】 Electric vehicles have become important future trends in the automotive industry with the progress of technology. Now the charging station and charging pile have been built for electric vehicle charging, but these facilities are manual charging, low intelligence, and which need technical methods and security. On the other hand, the electric car parked outdoor lack of some necessary protection, and thus likely to be sunburn, frostbite, scratches. Car cover is an effective equipment to solve these problems, but most of the existing car covers are troublesome when used.To solve these problems, we design an electric car cover integrated automatic charging device.Automatic charging device may charge for the electric car automatically, automatic car cover can provide protection to electric car. In addition, not only the car cover can be applied to electric vehicles,but also can be used in various non-electric vehicles.In the structural design, we design a torque storage and slow output device which can store the energy of electric motor and then release stored energy softly when needed. The torque storage and slow output device plays a protective role in automatic car cover. Automatic charging device designed to have X, Y, Z three move-able freedoms, by stepping motors in three linkage directions, achieving charging-interface motion in space.Because the orifice outflow of cylinder in torque storage and slow output device lack of the formula of nonlinear load, time of buffer can not be quantified analysis, the mathematical model about flow rate and flow of orifice outflow in non-nonlinear load is deduced to get the time of torque outputs.A high precision A/D conversion of the positioning control system for automatic charging device is put forward in this paper primarily. By an average filtering algorithm, the deviation of A/D sampling is eliminated which can increase the accuracy of A/D sampling. Positioning control system take linear Hall sensor voltage for position feedback, stepping motors speed for closed-loop control according to this feedback. To solve the stepper motor "super-step" and "out of step" problem as well as improve the positioning accuracy, we have a research on stepping motors’ speed control.What’s more, we have a research on the control strategy of stepping motors.Finally, in order to prevent the electric cars can’t be used because the package of car cover and the connecting of automatic charging device when main power damaged or power cut out, etc. We design a standby power system based on solar cells and super capacitors. What’s more, low-powerconsumption design is used in the control system.更多还原