【作者】 万群；

【导师】 王成；

【作者基本信息】 西南大学 ， 人文地理学， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 伴随“新型工业化、信息化、城镇化、农业现代化”四化政策的落实,外部刺激对于村域内自然、人口、社会、经济、农业等要素发生作用,促使乡村转型急剧升温,村域生产空间这一农业生产的前沿阵地,在外部环境与内部要素的双重作用下形成新的形态、功能与格局。村域生产空间重构作为有效推进“宜业、宜游”美丽乡村建设的重要抓手,对于适应与优化新形势下村域生产空间的形态、功能与格局具有重要作用。在统筹城乡发展、社会主义新农村建设、农业现代化政策的推动下,特别是《关于引导农村土地经营权有序流转发展农业适度规模经营的意见》的出台,促使以农业企业、专业大户、家庭农场等为代表的新型农业经营主体开展的土地规模经营相继在村域内涌现,村域生产空间重构进入前所未有的高潮。但当前村域生产空间仍存在诸多人地矛盾,并未协调多元农业经营主体的多元耕作诉求,未充分发挥村域资源禀赋,使得人与人、人与地之间的关系尚未达到真正的协调状态,人地共生并未实现。重庆市兼具“大城市带大农村、大山区带大库区”的典型特征,加之地形起伏较大、生态环境脆弱,开展土地规模经营较平原地区难度更大、效果更不理想,如何发展山地、丘陵地区的农业与农村,开展适合重庆本土的土地规模经营,实现人地共生下的重庆市村域生产空间重构,成为当前亟需解决的关键问题。基于此,研究以重庆市“大城市带大农村”的过渡区域——城市发展新区的合川区大柱村为研究区域,剖析村域生产空间的要素构成及功能内涵,分析村域生产空间的现状特征,辨析村域生产空间的人地矛盾,从农业经营主体的土地利用行为、耕作诉求、竞合关系,剖析人地互馈作用。构建充分发挥村域资源禀赋、协调农业经营主体耕作诉求的村域生产空间重构的人地共生理念,评价土地规模经营条件厘定村域生产空间格局,探求农业经营主体的共生意愿,通过共生理论的分析方法,分析人地共生下的村域生产空间重构共生要素、共生原则与共生路径,从村域生产空间的“格局”重构和“关系”重构,实现大柱村的生产空间重构。研究的主要结论如下:(1)村域生产空间表现为耕地粗放利用与精细利用并存、耕地非粮化与临时园地化盛行、新旧生产灌溉设施并用的现状特征,存在粗放经营与规划缺失致使资源浪费与景观衰败,耕地产出效益与农业经营主体期望不符,地形条件、生产灌溉设施配套不完善影响土地规模经营的人地矛盾。(2)农业经营主体因主体不同在土地利用方式、土地利用程度、土地投入强度、土地规模经营程度上表现为不同特征,且在耕作诉求上表现出差异,从而在村域生产路和灌溉沟渠、村域农业生产劳动力等方面发生竞争与合作,使得农业经营主体与耕地发生人地互馈作用。(3)构建了充分发挥村域资源禀赋、协调农业经营主体耕作诉求的村域生产空间重构的人地共生理念,从土地规模经营条件评价来厘定村域生产空间格局,从农业经营主体的共生意愿来探寻协调农业经营主体耕作诉求的可能方面,以此来实现充分发挥村域资源禀赋、协调农业经营主体耕作诉求的村域生产空间重构的人地共生理念。(4)剖析出农业经营主体为共生单元,厘定的村域生产空间格局上的自然环境、人文环境和人工环境为共生环境,耕地及生产灌溉设施、农村居民点、劳动力等为共生界面,一体化、对称互惠共生模式为共生模式的人地共生下村域生产空间重构的共生要素,并以利益最大化、系统整体性、环境地域性为共生原则,以协调共生单元、完善共生环境、强化共生界面、优化共生模式为共生路径,对厘定的村域生产空间格局进行修正,实现村域生产空间的“格局”重构,对农业经营主体间的竞合关系进行优化,实现村域生产空间的“关系”重构。更多还原

【Abstract】 Accompanied by four modernizations policy implementation of “new industrialization, informatization, urbanization and agricultural modernization”, external stimuli affect factors of nature, population, society, economy, agriculture on village scale, those lead to the transformation of the village sharply, the forefront of the agricultural production of production space on village scale form a new structure, function and pattern under the dual role of the external environment and internal factors. As the key of effectively promote the beautiful rural construction of “appropriate industry, appropriate tourism”, production space reconstruction on village scale plays an important role of adapting and optimizing the structure, function and pattern of production space on village scale under the new situation. Under the policies promoting of balance development of urban and rural, construction of new socialist countryside, agricultural modernization, especially the issuing of “the opinion about guiding rural land management rights transfering orderly to develop agricultural moderate scale management” made the land scale management emerge one after another in village carried out by new main bodies of agricultural management of agricultural enterprises, professional investors, family farms, the production space reconstruction on village scale is entering into the unprecedented high tide. However, there are many contradictions between human and land in production space on village scale without full playing theresources endowment in village and coordinating the multivariate appeals from multivariate main bodies of agricultural management, didn’t make human-human, human-land be a real state of coordination and human-land symbiosis has not come true. With the typical characteristics of “big cities with large villages, big mountain zones with large reservoir areas”, combined with bigger terrain fluctuation and the fragile ecological environment, there are more difficult to carry out the land scale management than in plain area and the results is not ideal in Chongqing. How to develop the agriculture and rural areas in mountainous and hilly area, carry out land scale management suitable for native chongqing, realize the production space reconstruction on village scale under human-land symbiosis in Chongqing has become the key issue which need be solved currently.Based on this, the research takes the Dazhu village in the new zone of city development which is a transition region of “big cities with large villages” in chongqing as the study area, analyzes the elements and function connotation, the characteristics of present situation of production space on village scale, differentiates the contradictions between human and land of production space on village scale, analyzes the mutual feedback effect between human and land from the analysis of land use behavior, farming appeals, competitive-cooperative relationship of the main bodies of agricultural management. The research builds the concept of human-land symbiosis of production space reconstruction on village scale about full playing the resources endowment in village, coordinate the farming appeals of the main bodies of agricultural management, evaluates the conditions of land scale management to redefinite the patterns of production space on village scale, explore the symbiosis will of the main bodies of agricultural management, through the analysis method of symbiosis theory, analyzes the symbiotic elements, symbiotic principles, symbiotic paths of production space reconstruction on village scale under human-land symbiosis, realizes the production space reconstruction of Dazhu village from the reconstruction about “patterns and relationships” of production space on village scale. The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The characteristics of present situation of production space on village scale show the coexisting of the extensive and intensive use of arable land, the prevailing of non-grain and temporary-garden of arable land, the simultaneously using of the old and new production-irrigation facilities. And there are existing the contradictions between human and land that the extensive management and lack of planning lead to resource waste and landscape downfall, the output benefit of arable land don’t conform to the expectations of the main bodies of agricultural management, the terrain conditions, imperfect sets of production-irrigation facilities affect land scale management.(2)The main bodies of agricultural management show different characteristics of land use behavior on the way of land use, the degree of land use, the intensity of land input, the degree of land scale management because of different main bodies, and have differences in farming appeals. Thus they compete and cooperate in the aspects of production way and irrigation ditches, agriculture labor in village to make the main bodies of agricultural management and arable land occur feedback effect between human and land.(3)The research has built the concept of human-land symbiosis of production space reconstruction on village scale about full playing the resources endowment in village, coordinating the farming appeals of the main bodies of agricultural management, redefinited the patterns of production space on village scale from evaluation the conditions of land scale management, explored the possible aspects about coordinating the farming appeals from the symbiosis will of the main bodies of agricultural management in order to achieve the concept of human-land symbiosis of production space reconstruction on village scale about full playing the resources endowment in village, coordinating the farming appeals of the main bodies of agricultural management.(4)The research has analyzed the symbiotic elements of production space reconstruction on village scale under human-land symbiosis about the main bodies of agricultural management as the symbiotic unit, the nature, human and artificial environment under the patterns of production space by redefiniting on village scale as the symbiotic environment, the arable land, production-irrigation facilities, rural residential areas and labor as symbiotic interface, integration, symmetry reciprocity symbiosis as symbiotic mode, and the symbiotic principles of the benefit maximization, system integration, environment regionalism, the symbiotic paths of coordinating the symbiotic unit, perfecting the symbiotic environment, strengthening the symbiotic interface, optimizing the symbiotic mode to modify the patterns of production space by redefiniting on village scale, realize the “patterns” reconstruction of production space on village scale, optimize the competitive-cooperative relationship of the main bodies of agricultural management, realize the “relationships” reconstruction of production space on village scale.更多还原