【作者】 杨阳；

【导师】 文旭；

【作者基本信息】 西南大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 言据性是一个语义范畴,它不仅表明信息的来源,也可以体现说话人对信息的态度。言据性的研究不仅可以有助于人们对语言本质的认识和理解,而且还是语篇分析的重要有效手段。不同类型文体中言据性的表现不同。本文主要研究对象是希拉里的政治演讲,目的是探究政治演讲文体中的言据性表现,其选题原因有三:首先,言据性不同于其他历史悠久的研究对象,它产生的时间比较晚,相对来讲比较新颖,而且近年来有越来越热的趋势,并且它在各种语言中运用十分广泛。其次,之前的言据性研究大多集中在科研论文、报告、新闻广告等文章类型中,政治演讲的研究比较少,但其意义比较重大,所以本文选取政治演讲类语篇进行研究。第三,希拉里,作为一位女性政治家和演讲家,近年来可谓是美国政治界炙手可热的新领袖,从第一夫人到纽约州参议员、民主党总统候选人、美国国务卿,她用其极具煽动性、亲和性的演讲争取到了美国民众的巨大支持。女演讲家能够得到如此好评,跟其演讲中使用的技巧有很大关系。言据性在政治演讲中的体现,可以帮助我们更好地理解演讲的魅力和技巧。本文通过定性与定量相结合的方法来研究讨论希拉里政治演讲中的言据性。第一章首先介绍言据性的起源和国内外的发展过程;第二章阐述了本文的研究文体——政治演讲的研究历史和发展,并且着重介绍了希拉里的政治演讲的研究状况和发展。第三章介绍了言据性和据素的定义和分类。并且介绍了学者们有关言据性的研究视角和方法,本文主要着重于个人交际方面。第四章是本文的重点篇章。作者收集了希拉里十六篇演讲稿(约15万字)认真分析了希拉里政治演讲中的言据性。基于Chafe等学者的研究下,作者将据素分为两种,即隐形据素和显性据素(视觉据素,报道据素,推测据素,信仰据素),分别分析了希拉里政治演讲中的各种据素及其表现方式。由于本文的重点在于人际交流方面的功能,作者对希拉里的政治稿进行了劝说功能、交际功能和评价功能的重点分析,得出在不同的文体上,为保障演讲者的演讲目的,他会根据语境选择不同的据素来实现他的演讲目的。第五章是数据分析,作者通过分析每篇演讲中视觉据素、报道据素、推测据素、信仰据素出现的比例来研究每种据素在政治演讲中所起的作用以及影响,从而为未来的人际交流技巧,讲话技巧,演讲写作和练习提供榜样和原理。分析哪些据素种类在实现演讲者目的的过程中发挥了巨大作用,从而促进人们对语言的掌控能力并且更好的理解语言。言据性的研究是非常有理论意义和实践意义的研究,并且在政治演讲研究中有着不可替代的作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Evidentiality is a semantic category which can not only indicate the source of information but also the attitudes toward information. The research of evidentiality not only benefit for the reorganization and understanding of the nature of language, but also the important and effective method to analyze discourse analysis. In addition, different texts have different styles whose evidentiality will present totally different. The thesis focuses on the Hillary’s political speeches in order to study the presentation of evidentiality in political speeches. Based on the development and history of evidentiality, the thesis has three reasons to choose this subject.Firstly, different from other historic research topics, Evidentiality has a shorter history time. Relatively speaking, it has become a quite new and hot issue these years and been used in a very wide variety of languages.Secondly, previous studies mostly were focused on research papers, reports, news articles and other types of advertising, but few on political speeches. But researches on evidentiality about political speeches are meaningful and significant, so the paper selected political speeches as discourse research.Thirdly, Hillary Clinton, as a female politician and speaker can be described as the hottest new leader these years. From the first lady, the New York senator and Democratic presidential candidate, US Secretary of State, she uses her unique affinity for presentation to the get most support of the American people. Using the perfect skills is one of the most important reasons that female speaker can be so well received. Evidentiality reflects in political speeches everywhere and could help us understand the charming speech skills better.This article will use a combination of quantitative and qualitative study to explore the evidentiality in Hillary’s political speeches including whether evidentiality affect the political speeches, what about the percentage of every part of evidentality, which part has the biggest percentage to influence the political speeches. Chapter 1 will introduce the origin of evidentiality and the development of evidentiality inside China and abroad although it does not have a long history. And Chapter 2 presents the development and history of political speeches, and focuses on the current condition and development of Hillary’s political speeches in detail. As for the Chapter 3, it introduces the definition and classification. Since so many scholars have done the research about evidentiality from different perspective and method, the thesis is mainly on the interpersonal functions. At the same time, according to the proportion of digital corpus obtained, it can promote interpersonal communication and improve speaking skills. Chapter 4 is the core chapter in the thesis. The author collects 16 pieces of Hillary’s political speeches(about 150 thousand words) to analyze the evidentiality in her political speeches carefully. Based on the scholar Chafe and others, the author divides evidentials into implicit evidentials and explicit evidentials(explicit evidentials include sensory evidentials, reporting evidentials, inferring evidentials and belief evidentials). And the author analyses every evidentials and its expression. The key point of the thesis is on the interpersonal functions and the author analyzes the persuasive functions, interactive functions and evaluative functions of evidentiality in Hillary’s political speeches. Thus, it comes out a conclusion that the speaker/writer will choose different evidentials to achieve his/her purposes according to the context. And Chapter 5 is mainly to analyze the data of Hillary’s political speeches. By analyzing the percentages of sensory evidentials, reporting evidentials, inferring evidentials and belief evidentials, the author will find the functions and influences of every evidentials which will promote the strategies in communication and conversation, the speaking strategies, speech writing and learning in the future. Through the analysis about influences and functions the different kinds of evidentials have, it will provide the opportunity to develop people’s language ability and understand language better. The analysis of evidential not only has the theoretical meaning but also the practical meaning. It cannot be replaced in political speeches.更多还原