高校自主招生考试物理试题分析

【作者】 李平；

【导师】 彭朝阳；

【作者基本信息】 云南师范大学 ， 教育硕士（专业学位）， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 为深化高校招生录取制度改革,促进教育创新和素质教育的全面展开,我国逐步开展了高校自主招生制度改革试点。2001年江苏省开始自主招生试点。经过多年的发展,参加自主招生的高校不断增加,自主招生的制度日趋完善。截止2010年底,京都联盟、北约联盟、华约联盟和卓越联盟四大联盟初具规模,“自主招生联考”的建立与扩大一度成为教育界乃至全社会关注的焦点,当今高中优秀学生迫切需要了解和学习自主招生物理试题,研究自主招生物理试题更有利于一线物理教师指导高中优秀学生进行科学有效的复习、备考。笔者通过研读相关文献,发现前人主要注重对自主招生内涵、改革特点、改革趋势和方向的研究,很少有针对自主招生物理学科的题型研究,也没有专门针对物理自主招生考试解题思维方法、解题策略的研究。本文先对中国的教育改革以及自主招生的现状进行梳理,再对高考物理知识点以及常用物理思维方法进行统计,最后着重对2010年——2014年三大联盟自主招生物理试卷从试题的题量、题型、知识板块、思维方法以及知识点的广度和深度等维度进行数据的整理与分析,制成相应的统计表与比例图,从中发现自主招生考试呈现如下特征:1.从题型上来说,三大联盟出现明显的区别,北约未出实验题,华约未出填空题,卓越题型较为完备。2.从知识板块来看,三大联盟均注重机械运动、电和磁相关知识的考察,现代物理知识比重加大。3.从知识广度、深度维度来看,三大联盟试卷题量少,但知识广度大深度高。有极个别知识点涉及竞赛物理知识,但深度在逐年降低,到2014年,几乎贴近高考水平。4.从考察物理思维角度看,最明显特征是极其注重物理图像的考察。根据统计结果,笔者提出对自主招生物理的备考策略和建议,以期为高中尖子生和一线教师提供帮助。笔者认为学生应更多的学会用大学物理、竞赛物理的思维来解答自主招生试题,用巧妙的数学方法来解物理题,保持平和的心态,揪题眼,有条不紊的答题。更多还原

【Abstract】 Independent recruitment is a new attempt of the Ministry of Education in order to improve the college enrollment system and select excellent talents who are competent in certain profession and excellent in creation. Jiangsu Province was the first pilot province to conduct the policy of independent recruitment in 2011. Several years later, more and more colleges and universities have participated in independent recruitment. Accordingly, the policy of independent recruitment in China becomes more and more sophisticated. As of the end of 2010, the four alliances of college and university, namely Beiyue Alliance, Huayue Alliance and Zhuoyue Alliance have come into being one by one and taken shape. The formulation and expansion of “uniform entrance examination for independent recruitment” has ever drawn the interest of the education circle and society. Nowadays, a good high school student should know and study the physics text paper in independent recruitment. Also, it is helpful for a physics teacher to guide the students how to make effective review and preparation.Through studying related articles, it can be known that the researchers always concentrate on the connotation, innovation features, trend and direction of independent recruitment, and few of them study the paper types of physics exam in independent recruitment or the thinking method and strategy applied to deal with different question types of physics exam in independent recruitment. This paper introduces the current state of China’s education reform and independent recruitment and concludes the related physics knowledge in college entrance examination and regular thinking method for physics. In addition, it sorts out and analyzes the data of college entrance examination paper of the three alliances for independent recruitment from 2010 to 2014 in terms of volume of exam questions, exam question types, knowledge involvement, thinking method, the width and depth of knowledge, etc. Also, it formulates the related statistical table and scale map and the following characteristics of independent recruitment exam can be seen:1. In terms of exam paper types, the three alliances are obviously different as Beiyue did not involve experiment task, Huayue did not involve gap filling task and Zhuoyue had a relative complete system of question types.2. In terms of knowledge involvement, all the three alliances paid great attention to the test of knowledge about mechanical motion, electricity and magnetism with modern-physics-related knowledge test making up a great proportion.3. In terms of knowledge width and depth, the three alliances made their exam questions more intensive in knowledge width. Some questions were as difficult as those in physics contest. However, the depth has been decreased year by year and the level of questions was similar to college entrance examination in 2014.4. In terms of physics thinking method, the most obvious features was the focus on the test of physics image.According to the statistical result, I put forward the exam preparation strategy and advice for physics exam in independent recruitment and hope that it can provides some help to good high school students and front-line teachers. Also, I think that high school students shall learn to apply the thinking method for college physics and contest physics to handle test paper for independent recruitment, adopt some smart mathematics method to deal with physics exam questions, maintain cooling down,read carefully key words of each question and answer the question in an orderly way.更多还原