节点文献
无意义的觉醒：维特根斯坦前期意义理论对形而上学的批判与拯救
【作者】 杨晓军；
【导师】 胡怀亮；
【作者基本信息】 云南师范大学 ， 逻辑学， 2016， 硕士
【摘要】 尽管对于维特根斯坦前期意义理论研究的文献已经多如牛毛,但是我们发现大多数研究都是秉持一种“真值意义理论”,即一般认为维特根斯坦前期的意义理论就是等于其真值或者与真值相关。然而这种解释将使得整个《逻辑哲学论》、《战时笔记:1914——1917》等一些前期著作中的理论无法圆融,诸多矛盾凸显出来。如果说有意义就是一个命题为真,无意义就是一个命题为假,那么有意义与无意义之间就有了一条无法逾越的鸿沟,并且无法解释哲学作为一种活动的意义所在。本文将通过对“使用论”和“行动论”解读方法的植入,对“意义”与“无意义”等概念进行澄清,在有意义与无意义之间构建一座桥梁,使得维特根斯坦的整个前期哲学得到合理的解释。本文所要论证的要点可以归结如下:(1)维特根斯坦的“世界”和“对象”两个概念具有不同的用法。世界既是语义学的世界,也是实在论的世界。对象既是一种逻辑必然性的要求,也是一般意义上的物体对象。(2)“显示”与“不可说”并非是一一对应的,并且“显示”本身就是一个涉及“行动论”概念。(3)在“使用论”及“行动论”的视角下来澄清“意义”与“无意义”概念的内涵。意义并非仅仅与真值相关,无意义则只是在真值层面是无意义的,在行动论中,它涉及价值等意义。(4)在(3)的基础上及“显示理论”的引入,维特根斯坦的“形而上学”获得新生。在这个层面上,维特根斯坦与康德是相似的。
【Abstract】 Although the research literatures on L.Wittgenstein’s early theory of meaning were a dim a dozen, we found that most of them are holding ‘truth-value of theory of meaning’,which is generally considered Wittgenstein’s early theory of meaning equal to its truth-value or associated with truth-value.However this interpretation will make some Wittgenstein’s early works,such as Tractatus Logico- Philosophicus and Notebooks 1914-1917 and so on, discrepancy,even there are many contradictions.If a proposition has a sense, then the proposition is true;if a proposition has not a sense,then it is false.So that between sense and nonsense had an unbridgeable chasm,and fails to explain the meaning of Wittgenstein’s philosophy as a kind of practice.This article based on the ‘theory of use’ and ‘theory of practice’ to clarify the concept of ‘sense’ and ‘nonsense’,so can we build a bridge between sense and nonsense.Consequently,we can make the Wittgenstein’s early theory get a reasonable explanation.The point to argument of this article can be attributed as follows:(1)Wittgenstein’s concept of ‘world’ and ‘object’ have different usage.World indicates both semantical concept and realistic concept.Object not only is a logical necessity, but also stand for material substance.(2)The concept ‘show’ and ‘unsayable’ is not one-to-one correspondence, and the ‘show’ itself is a concept of ‘theory of practice’.(3)Clarufy the connotation of the concept of ‘sense’ and ‘nonsense’ in the ‘theory of use’ and ‘theory of practice’ perspective.We argue that meaning is not only related to truth-value,and nonsense is just at the truth-value level.But,if in the theory of practice,it related to value and other significance.(4) On the basis of(3) and the introduction of the ‘theory of show’, Wittgenstein’s metaphysics was given a new life.From this perspective, Wittgenstein is a philosopher who complete similar to Kant.