【作者】 杨旭；

【导师】 臧连生；

【作者基本信息】 吉林农业大学 ， 农业昆虫与害虫防治， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 柞蚕卵是我国人工大量繁育赤眼蜂的特色优势资源,但因柞蚕卵可繁育优势赤眼蜂种类过少,而极大限制了许多优势赤眼蜂种类的生产和推广应用。初步研究结果表明,从大豆食心虫卵采集的黏虫赤眼蜂可成功寄生柞蚕卵并完成发育,且有少量个体可以穿破卵壳正常出蜂。本研究主要以松毛虫赤眼蜂和黏虫赤眼蜂为研究对象,通过测定并观察不同条件下松毛虫赤眼蜂和黏虫赤眼蜂共寄生柞蚕卵的各项生物学参数,明确松毛虫赤眼蜂和黏虫赤眼蜂共寄生柞蚕卵的互作机制及其在协同繁育上的应用。研究的主要结果如下:1、接蜂方式对黏虫赤眼蜂和松毛虫赤眼蜂共寄生柞蚕卵的影响黏虫赤眼蜂和松毛虫赤眼蜂共寄生柞蚕卵时,同期接蜂的寄生率明显高于错期接蜂,两种赤眼蜂共寄生柞蚕卵的单卵黏虫赤眼蜂总蜂数和单卵黏虫赤眼蜂出蜂数,均在同期接蜂时高于错期接蜂。因此,在开发一卵多蜂产品时,应采取同期接蜂的方式。此外,当2头黏虫赤眼蜂单独寄生柞蚕卵时,同时接蜂24h寄生的柞蚕卵28.6%可以正常羽化出蜂,而错期各寄生12h的寄生卵未见羽化出蜂。在提供1粒柞蚕卵的情况下,1头松毛虫赤眼蜂和5头黏虫赤眼蜂混合接蜂时,单卵黏虫赤眼蜂出蜂数为8.8头,与1头松毛虫赤眼蜂和1头黏虫赤眼蜂混合接蜂处理无显著差异;但松毛虫赤眼蜂、黏虫赤眼蜂、柞蚕卵以5:25:5数量接蜂时,其寄生率高达98%,羽化率为81.6%,单卵黏虫赤眼蜂总蜂数和出蜂数分别为42.1、26.7头。2、环境条件对黏虫赤眼蜂和松毛虫赤眼蜂共寄生柞蚕卵的影响当松毛虫赤眼蜂和黏虫赤眼蜂共寄生柞蚕卵时,23-26℃条件下,寄生率高达90%,其寄生率随温度的升高表现出下降的趋势。26℃条件下的平均单卵黏虫赤眼蜂的出蜂数最多(3.5头),显著高于23℃下的出蜂数。因此开发一卵多蜂产品的最适宜接蜂温度为26℃。此外,黏虫赤眼蜂偏好于在相对较低温度条件下寄生柞蚕卵,在温度20℃的条件下,其单独寄生柞蚕卵的寄生率可达53.3%,羽化率达43.8%。当两种赤眼蜂共寄生柞蚕卵时,在相对湿度50%和80%条件下,赤眼蜂的寄生率、羽化率、单卵总蜂数和单卵出蜂数较高,特别是在相对湿度80%条件下,其单卵黏虫赤眼蜂总蜂数达9.6头,单卵黏虫赤眼蜂出蜂数达6.9头,明显高于相对湿度50%和60%处理。开发一卵多蜂产品的最适宜接蜂相对湿度为80%。此外,黏虫赤眼蜂偏好在高湿条件下寄生柞蚕卵,在相对湿度90%的条件下,其单独寄生柞蚕卵的寄生率可达83.3%,羽化率达32%。当两种赤眼蜂共寄生柞蚕卵时,在接蜂的24h中,光照时间越长,各项生物学指标越高,光照时间在19-24h时,其寄生率高达93.3%,光照时间24h时,其羽化率可达96.4%,单卵黏虫赤眼蜂总蜂数和出蜂数分别为9.2头、6.3头,明显高于24h全部黑暗处理。开发一卵多蜂产品时的适宜接蜂光照条件为L24:D0 h。此外,黏虫赤眼蜂偏好于在光照时间居中的条件下寄生柞蚕卵,在光照时间为10-14h时,其单独寄生柞蚕卵的寄生率可达83.3%,羽化率达33.3%,单卵黏虫赤眼蜂出蜂数为13.1头。3、柞蚕卵协同繁育的两种赤眼蜂对靶标害虫生防潜能研究结果表明,米蛾卵和柞蚕卵繁育的松毛虫赤眼蜂或黏虫赤眼蜂对黏虫卵的寄生能力不存在明显差异。总的来看,柞蚕卵繁育的松毛虫赤眼蜂24h寄生黏虫卵42.3粒明显高于黏虫赤眼蜂。此外,两种不同中间寄主繁育的两种赤眼蜂在黏虫卵上的寄生能力及发育适合度,结果发现,不同的中间繁殖寄主对两种赤眼蜂在黏虫卵上的羽化率、后代雌蜂比率和发育历期影响不大。研究证明,柞蚕卵协同繁育的赤眼蜂与米蛾卵繁育的赤眼蜂对靶标害虫具有相似的防治潜能。通过比较不同条件下黏虫赤眼蜂和松毛虫赤眼蜂共寄生柞蚕卵的生物学参数,研究结果初步表明,松毛虫赤眼蜂、黏虫赤眼蜂和柞蚕卵按照1:5:1比例同期接蜂,环境条件控制为温度26℃、相对湿度80%、光照L24:D0 h是协同繁育黏虫赤眼蜂和松毛虫赤眼蜂的适宜条件。更多还原

【Abstract】 The oak-silkworm, Antheraea pernyi Guerin-Meneville, is one of the best factitious hosts for Trichogramma mass production in China. However, presently only T. dendrolimi is massively produced with the large host eggs of oak-silkworm so that mass productions of most Trichogramma species and their implications for pest biological control have been limited. Previous results indicated that some Trichogramma species, such as T. leucaniae, had the capacity of parasitizing eggs of A. Pernyi and developing to adults, but only a few of parasitoids could break and craw out the host-egg shell. In this study, we selected T. dendrolimi and T. leucaniae as test parasitoid species. Through estimating and observing the biological parameters of two Trichogramma species simultaneously parasitize A. pernyi eggs under different conditions. We will determine the factors to influence synparasitism of both Trichogramma species on A. pernyi eggs and the possibility to cooperatively breeding them on the large eggs. The main results obtained as followed. 1. The influence of introducing parasitoid ways on synparasitism of both Trichogramma species on A. pernyi eggs.The parasitism rate of both Trichogramma species simultaneously parasitizing A. pernyi eggs was higher than that of separately parasitizing way. Total number of T. leucaniae and total emerging adults of T. leucaniae per host egg for both Trichogramma species simultaneously parasitizing were higher than those for separately parasitizing. Therefore both Trichogramma species simultaneously parasitizing A. pernyi eggs is the suitable way to develop the new product of breeding two Trichogramma species on the same large eggs. In addition, when two T. leucaniae females simultaneously parasitized an A. pernyi egg, 28.6% of parasitized eggs successfully emerged. However, no parasitoid adults emerged from host eggs when two T. leucaniae females separately parasitized 12 h on A. pernyi eggs.When one T. leucaniae female and five T. leucaniae females were simultaneously introduced to parasitize one A. pernyi egg, 8.8 T. leucaniae adults emerged, similar to that of one T. leucaniae female and one T. leucaniae female introducing way. However, when five T. leucaniae female and twenty-five T. leucaniae females were simultaneously introduced to parasitize five A. pernyi eggs, the parasitism rate reached to 98%, emergence rate reached to 81.6%, and total number of T. leucaniae and total number of T. leucaniae emergence per host egg increased to 42.1 and 26.7, respectively. 2. The influence of different condition on synparasitism of both Trichogramma species on A. pernyi eggs.When both Trichogramma species simultaneously parasitized A. pernyi eggs at 23-26℃, the parasitism percentage got to 90%. There was a tendency of parasitism percentage decreasing with the increase of temperature. There was the largest number of emerging T. leucaniae per egg at 26℃(3.5 adults), significantly higher than that of 23℃. The results indicated that 26℃ is the suitable temperature to develop the new product of breeding two Trichogramma species on the same large eggs. In addition, T. leucaniae preferred to parasitize A.pernyi eggs under low temperature condition. Particularly, there was 53.3% parasitism, 43.8% emergence of parasitized eggs when T. leucaniae individually parasitized A. pernyi eggs at 20℃.When both Trichogramma species simultaneously parasitized A. pernyi eggs at 50% and 80% RH, there were higher values of parasitism rate、emergence rate and total number of parasitoids and total number of emerging adults per host egg. Particularly, total number of T. leucaniae(9.6) and the number of emerging T. leucaniae(6.9) per egg at 80% RH were significantly higher than those at 50% and 60% RH. The results indicated that 80% RH is the suitable relative humidity to develop the new product of breeding two Trichogramma species on the same large eggs. In addition, T. leucaniae preferred to parasitize A.pernyi eggs under high humidity condition. The parasitism rate got to 83.3%, and the emergence rate got to 32% when T. leucaniae individually parasitized A. pernyi eggs at 90% RH.When both Trichogramma species simultaneously parasitized A. pernyi eggs under 19L:6D and 24L:0D, the parasitism rate got to 93.3%. Particularly, the emergence rate got to 96.4%, total number of T. leucaniae and total number of emerging T. leucaniae adults per host egg were 9.2 and 6.3, under 24L:0D, significantly higher than those of 0L:24D. The results indicated that 24L:0D is the suitable light condition to develop the new product of breeding two Trichogramma species on the same large eggs. In addition, T. leucaniae preferred to parasitize A. pernyi eggs under the light conditions of 10-14L;14-10 D, there was 83.3% parasitism, 33.3% emergence of parasitized eggs, 13.1 adults of T. leucaniae emerging. 3. Biological control potential of Trichogramma cooperatively bred by A. pernyi eggs on target pests.There was no significant difference in parasitism on armyworm eggs by T. dendrolimi or T. leucaniae bred using A. pernyi eggs and Corcyra cephalonica eggs. Generally, T. dendrolimi bred by A. pernyi eggs parasitized 42.3 armyworm eggs in 24 h, significantly higher than that parasitized by T. leucaniae regardless of factious host species. In addition, there was no effects of factious host species on the emergence, female progeny and development of two Trichogramma species on armyworm eggs. The results showed that there was similar biological control potential on target pests between parasitoids bred by the eggs of A. pernyi and C. cephalonica.Based on the biological parameters of synparasitism of two Trichogramma species on A. pernyi eggs under different conditions, the results preliminarily indicated that two Trichogramma species were suitable to cooperatively breed on A. pernyi eggs under the conditions of controlling the ratio of parasitoids to host egg at 1 T. dendrolimi : 5 T. leucaniae : 1 egg at 26℃, 80% RH and 24L:0D.更多还原