【作者】 张静；

【导师】 刘京诚； 陈海斌；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 仪器科学与技术， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 随着人民生活水平的上升,对于汽车的需求量也不断增加,截止2015年,我国民用汽车保有量达到17228万辆。汽车给人们带来便捷的同时,人均保有量的急剧上升也导致了交通事故的发生率也不断增加,给人们的身心和财产安全带来严重的威胁。挥鞭伤是交通伤中最为常见的一种损伤,高发于追尾碰撞交通事故中。挥鞭伤不仅给伤员带来身心和财产上的巨大损失,其易发后遗症也是一种严重的威胁。因此,对于汽车追尾碰撞以及挥鞭伤的研究已经成为一个对社会具有非常重要意义的研究方向。本论文就国内外台车碰撞试验进行了调查分析,在此基础上,结合实验室现有试验条件,设计了一套用于追尾碰撞的缓冲吸能装置,计算机仿真和台车碰撞试验相结合,从理论上和试验中进行验证,证明了所研制的缓冲吸能装置的有效性和实用性。并且,就挥鞭伤的致伤过程进行了研究,并对试验中的假人颈部损伤进行了相关参数的评价,并在此基础上研制了一套针对挥鞭伤患者的救护装置。论文主要研究工作如下:(1)通过查阅国内外被动安全研究文献,总结出台车追尾碰撞试验和挥鞭伤的研究现状。就车辆碰撞数学模型、三种台车试验碰撞类型以及追尾碰撞中人体颈部的致伤机制进行了研究分析,并对本课题中追尾碰撞的影响因素进行了分析。(2)通过ANSYS/LS-DYNA有限元软件对缓冲吸能装置模型进行理论仿真,产生的减速度曲线满足ECE R44法规中对于追尾碰撞台车实验中减速度的相关要求。再此基础之上,就本课题中对追尾碰撞输出减速度曲线的相关影响因素进行讨论,并通过计算机仿真实验得出相关影响规律。(3)利用实验室现有条件,进行台车碰撞试验平台的搭建,并对试验平台的每个部分的安装调试进行简单分析。之后进行了假人和动物的追尾碰撞试验,记录了整个试验过程以及假人颈部动态过程,并且得到了相关减速度曲线。结合计算机仿真实验,对结果进行了进一步分析。(4)针对汽车追尾碰撞造成乘员的颈部损伤,研制出适用于挥鞭伤伤患者的水陆两用救护担架。通过理论分析以及大量的实验模拟,验证了该救援担架的可靠性和实用性。本课题所研制的吸能缓冲装置,通过对其进行理论分析和计算机仿真,以及搭建试验平台进行追尾碰撞试验,研究吸能管相关特性,提高汽车结构的安全性。同时台车碰撞试验能够在一定程度上还原实车碰撞过程,方便学者对乘员的颈部损伤机制进行研究,通过对全过程的动态特性检测,研究挥鞭伤的发生机制和损害程度,是工程和医学相结合的一次重要探索。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the living conditions of people have been improved accordingly, and the demand for vehicles is also increasing. By 2015, the number of civilian vehicles reached One hundred and seventy-two million two hundred and eighty thousand. Though cars bring convenience to people, the rising of car ownership also led to increase the number of traffic accidents, which brings people’s physical health and property into a very serious threat. Cervical whiplash injury is a frequently seen injury in traffic accidents, especially in rear-end impact. Whiplash injury not only brings losses to health and property, but also brings threats to have sequelae. Therefore, the research of Rear-end Collision of the Vehicle and neck injury research has become one of the most popular subjects in present society.A full seamless investigation and analysis on current situation and development trend of rear-end impact have been done. Based on that, combining with the existing laboratory conditions, the sled test system in rear-end impact system was designed. What’s more, based on analysis the actual occurrence of cervical whiplash injury, evaluation standard of the injury was determined, and a new stretcher model used for carrying cervical injury patients was built. And experiment and computer simulation identify its correctness and practicability. The main contents of this paper are as follows:(1) By analyzing and generalizing the relevant domestic and international literature, the current research status of sled test system and cervical whiplash injury were summarized. Then this paper describes the basic models of vehicle impact accident reconstruction, type of sled crash test, the actual occurrence of cervical whiplash injury. After that, the influencing factors on the sled test system in rear-end impact system are analyzed.(2) we applied the finite element software ANSYS/LS-DYNA to analyze the sled test in rear-end impact system which has been designed, and the deceleration curve meets the ECE R44 regulation which make demands on deceleration in sled test system. Moreover, the computer simulation proves what the effects on the sled test in rear end impact system.(3) To verify the simulation result, sled tests are done by auto crash test system in traffic safety laboratory. And the whole sled test process and the actual occurrence of cervical whiplash injury were recorded.(4) According to the conclusion obtained, a new stretcher model used for carrying cervical injury patients was built. And experiment and theoretical analysis identify its correctness and practicability.The automobile crash energy absorbing device model built in this paper can improve motor vehicle collision resistance performance, and the result of computer simulation and experiment identify its correctness and practicability. It is convenient to study real car collision the actual occurrence of cervical whiplash injury by sled crash test. The application research of the sled test in rear-end impact system and carrying cervical injury analysis in dynamic monitoring data processing is conducive to the traffic safety study. Thus it provides to be an important part in engineering and medicine with wide applications.更多还原