【作者】 张震宇；

【导师】 申立银；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 工程硕士（建筑与土木工程领域）（专业学位）， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,房地产行业的环境问题日益凸显,亟需得到改善。建筑材料的生产和使用是产生房地产行业的各种生态环境问题的主要原因之一。绿色建材相比于传统建材具有环境友好、人体有益的绿色特征,因此在房地产行业推广绿色建材可以很大程度上解决行业的生态环境问题,推动行业绿色低碳发展。作为建材产品的主要采购方,房地产企业肩负着推动绿色建材发展的重任。房地产企业绿色采购受到政府、房地产市场、建材供应和企业组织等因素的影响。在这些因素中,势必存在着关键因素对房地产企业绿色采购行为起着决定性的推动或制约作用。识别和深入分析这些关键影响因素将为政府相关部门、房地产企业、绿色建材供应商采取措施推动绿色建材的发展提供有价值的参考信息。然而,国内外鲜有学者对影响房地产企业绿色采购的因素进行深入研究。本研究首先对绿色建材概念和特征,以及绿色采购定义和实践意义进行了探讨,在此基础上建立了房地产企业绿色采购行为模型,并通过文献综述梳理了13个典型的企业绿色采购制约因素和7个驱动因素。然后,采用了问卷调研的方法收集了关于重庆地区房地产企业绿色采购实践现状、绿色建材绿色特征的采购偏好、绿色采购制约因素和驱动因素的研究数据,共收集了78份有效调查问卷。接着,本研究采用层级聚类分析的方法,根据制约因素的影响程度和影响范围将制约因素分为6类,并结合专家访谈识别出了不同绿色采购经历的房地产企业绿色采购的关键制约因素。接下来,通过使用单因素方差分析的统计方法,分析了各驱动因素对房地产企业绿色建材采购偏好的影响情况,并因此识别出了关键驱动因素。本研究发现:(1)重庆市房地产企业对绿色建材和绿色采购了解少,对绿色建材采购偏好低,仅有少数企业具有绿色采购经历;(2)现有房地产企业进行绿色采购的主要原因是遵守强制性政策和法规、获得市场利润和减少开发成本;(3)制约房地产企业绿色采购的主要因素是缺少政策支持、绿色建筑缺乏市场利润、绿色建材产品质量问题和绿色建材市场不完善;(4)除了共同的制约因素之外,处于不同绿色采购实践阶段的房地产企业会遇到不同的制约因素:对于领先企业,缺乏权威的绿色建材认证制度严重阻碍其进一步采购绿色建材,而对于落后企业,其匮乏的绿色战略规划和政策、落后的生命周期成本管理理念和有限的智力支持严重制约了绿色采购的在这些企业内的推行;(5)驱动房地产企业进行绿色采购的关键因素是企业内部高层的压力,行业内竞争者的压力,以及房地产市场中消费者的认可和诉求。最后,本研究基于研究结果,从政府、房地产企业和绿色建材供应商角度提出相关建议,旨在促进绿色采购和绿色建材在房地产企业的推广和应用。本研究不仅可以为政府制定有关绿色建材和绿色建筑策略提供理论参考,而且对推动产业结构升级和经济模式转变都具有重要的现实意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Environmental problems of the real estate industry, ranging from non-renewable resource consumption, to the smog clouds, and to the global warming, have become pressing challenges to the world. Production and use of building materials are commonly considered as major contributors to these environmental problems. The procurement and use of green building materials are considered effective methods for improving environmental performance of real estate products. Real estate developers are among the main consumers for green building materials; thus green procurement practice adopted by developers is important to the promotion of GBM products. There are various factors acting as drivers and barriers for developers to adopt GP in the areas of business policy, marketing, supplier selection, and enterprise organization. There are a number of attributes to each of these areas, and some of them are key factors playing essential roles in affecting developers’ GP practice. The research findings on these key GP factors can provide a valuable reference for assisting relevant government departments to formulate effective policies and regulations in order to encourage real estate developers to adopt GP and consequently promote the development of GBM.This study identifies 13 tentative drivers and 7 tentative barriers to green procurement in real estate development through conducint an extensive literature review. The research examines the green features of GBM, drivers and barriers affecting green procurement in the context of real estate development. Research data used for analysis are collected through a questionnaire survey to developers, with the receival of 78 effective responses. The hierarchical cluster analysis technique is employed to conduct a comprehensive analysis for identifying significant barriers. The one-way Analysis of Variance(ANOVA) technique is employed in identifying key drivers to GP practice. The semi-structured interview is used to verify and interpret the results of hierarchical cluster analysis, and develop suggestions for mitigating those significant barriers in promoting green procurement. The study reveals that(1) Real estate developers in Chongqing of China have little understanding of green procurement and green building materials, and few of them have experience in adopting green procurement.(2) Typical reasons for early green procurement adopters are "Policy pressure", "Marketing benefits" and "Business benefits".(3) The most significant barriers contributing to developers’ lagging in green procurement include little marketing benefits, lack of incentive policies, technical concerns with using green building materials, unwell developed green building materials market.(4) Different developers with different levels of green procurement experience encounter different barriers. The crucial barrier impeding leading developers is lack of authoritative green building materials certification system. Developers lagging in GP practice are found more impeded by internal barriers within organization, such as lack of business missions, policies, expertise and awareness on life cycle cost.(5) The key drivers for green procurement practice include “Marketing benefits”, “Market pressure” and “Internal pressure within organization”.更多还原