【作者】 陈静；

【导师】 章锦河；

【作者基本信息】 南京大学 ， 人文地理学， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 旅游地的社区参与有利于旅游业的可持续发展,是国内外旅游研究的热点领域之一。目前相关研究主要集中在社区参与概念、参与内容、影响因素以及居民感知和态度等方面,而社区居民旅游参与的影响机制及不同旅游地的比较研究较少涉及。本文以周庄、同里、邵伯、黄桥和皂河五个古镇为案例地,根据问卷调查数据,首先通过均值分析,得到古镇居民的社区参与现状及不同生命周期阶段古镇的居民的旅游参与行为差异;然后分别对不同人口统计学特征和不同生命周期阶段古镇的居民的地方感、感知、支持度和参与能力进行独立样本T检验和方差分析;最后根据地方感理论、社会交换理论以及旅游行为学相关理论,构建基于地方感、旅游影响感知、旅游支持度、旅游参与能力的社区参与影响机制结构模型,并以发展期和巩固期的古镇为案例地进行比较,以期为旅游地的可持续发展提供科学指导。研究结果表明:(1)不同生命周期阶段的古镇的居民参与程度不同,总体来说参与程度较低。参与行为可分为表层参与和深度参与两个层次,随着古镇旅游的发展,居民的参与程度逐渐提高,从个别参与、组织参与、大众参与到全面参与,而不以获益为目的、自觉参与到旅游发展和保护中是社区进入全面参与阶段的标志。同时对旅游参与影响因素的均值分析发现,古镇居民有较强烈的地方感和旅游正面影响感知,并对当地的旅游发展的支持度很高,但对旅游的负面影响感知较弱,且居民的参与能力普遍较低。(2)人口统计学特征是影响古镇居民旅游影响感知、地方感、旅游支持度和参与能力的重要内因。性别、年龄、居住年数、文化程度、家庭年收入以及是否为本地人引起了古镇居民的旅游影响感知的显著差异;居民地方感的主要影响因素是性别、年龄、居住年数以及是否为本地人,而不同文化程度和家庭年收入引起的差别不大;性别、年龄、居住年数、文化程度、家庭年收入和是否参与旅游等因素对居民的支持度及满意度的影响较为显著;而居民的文化程度、家庭收入水平和日常开支则是影响参与能力的主要因素。(3)旅游地生命周期是影响古镇居民旅游影响感知、地方感、旅游支持度和参与能力的重要外因。旅游业发展越成熟,古镇居民的地方依赖和旅游参与能力越强,对旅游的消极影响感知越强烈,而对旅游的积极影响的感知反而越低,居民旅游支持度也有所下降。(4)古镇社区参与机制的结构模型具有合理性。发展期和巩固期的古镇,其居民的社区参与机制有共同特点。旅游参与行为均受到参与能力和支持度的直接正向影响,受到地方感和旅游影响感知的间接正向影响,其中居民参与能力的正向作用最为显著;且旅游影响感知中的社会文化影响感知对支持度和参与行为的正向作用较强。发展期和巩固期的古镇,其居民的社区参与机制也存在差异。对于发展期的古镇,影响其居民参与当地旅游活动的主要因素是资金和技术,随着古镇旅游的发展,能够有效获取旅游政策成为最主要限制因素;发展期古镇的居民"地方认同"对支持度的正向作用更强,而巩固期古镇的居民"地方认同"和"地方依赖"共同对支持度产生正向影响;同时巩固期古镇的居民支持度对参与行为的正向作用比发展期的程度更大。本文提出了居民参与机制模型并对不同生命周期的古镇进行了比较,在研究视角和研究尺度上有所创新,今后的研究可在居民参与的历时性分析以及机制模型修正等方面进一步加强,为旅游地的可持续发展提供更有效的行动指南。更多还原

【Abstract】 Community participation in tourism development plays an important role in sustainable development of tourism destination,and it is also one of the research focuses of domestic and foreign scholars.The conception and content of community tourism perception,influencing factors,residents’ perception and attitude toward tourism were the main research subjects recently.But the formative mechanism and comparative study on community participation in tourism development are less involved.This paper chooses Zhouzhuang,Tongli,Shaobo,Huangqiao and Zaohe to conduct a study on community participation in tourism development.First,the current situation of tourism participation is generally analyzed.Then the sense of place,perception,support degree and participating abilities of residents who are in different life cycle stages and own different demographic characteristics are compared through ANONA and T-test.Next this paper builds a structural equation model reflecting influences on community participation using four structural variables based on the sustainable development theory,social exchange theory and behavioural geography.Then choose Zhouzhuang,Tongli,Shaobo and Huangqiao to conduct an empirical study.At last,the formative mechanisms in different life cycle stages are compared.Results of this study are listed as follows:(1)Community participations are different among ancient towns of different life cycle stages,and generally the degree of community participation in ancient town of Jiangsu Province is not high.It can be divided into shallow-stage and deep-stage.With the development of tourism,the degree of community participation is continuously improved and finally would go into the stage of full participation.Through the analysis of influencing factors’ mean value,It is also found that residents perceive strongly to tourism positive influence and the sense of place,and support tourism development highly,but perceive less to tourism negative influence,and the ability of participating is generally weak.(2)As internal factors,it is demonstrated that different demographic characteristics would cause significant differences on residents’ sense of place,perception of tourism influence,support degree and participating ability.The main influencing factors of perception are gender,age,living time,background and revenue;The main influencing factors of residents’ sense of place are gender,age,living time and birthplace;The main influencing factors of support degree are gender,age,living time,education background,revenue and occupation;while education background,revenue and daily expenses would cause significant variation on participating ability.(3)As external factors,life cycle stages of tourism destination would cause significant differences on residents’ sense of place,perception of tourism influence,support degree and participating ability.It is indicated residents in consolidation stage would perceive much stronger to negative influence and place dependent,and tend to have higher participating ability.While they would perceive weaker to positive influence and support less to tourism development.(4)The structural equation model of ancient town is reasonable.There are some characters in common on structural equation model of different life cycle stages."Participating ability" and "support degree" have a direct positive impact on tourism "participating behavior",in which the former is a main factor.While "the sense of place" and "perception" have an indirect positive impact on"participating behavior".And the perceptions of social and cultural impact exact a much stronger influence on "support degree" and "participating behavior".There are also differences on structural equation model in different life cycle stages.It is demonstrated that in the development stage,"place identity" exact a much stronger influence on "support degree",and the technology and fund is the main factor among the ability of participation.While in the consolidation stage,the "support degree" is influenced by "place identity" and "place dependent" together.And the access to tourism policy plays an important role in the degree of tourism participation.The structural equation model reflecting influences on community participation is proposed and ancient towns in different life cycles are compared.And this paper innovates in the perspective,scale and method.In the future,diachronic analysis and structural model’s revision should be enhanced,to provide more effective scientific data for sustainable development in tourism destination.更多还原