【作者】 周伟；

【导师】 张小松；

【作者基本信息】 东南大学 ， 供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 随着世界能源需求的不断增长,可再生能源的开发和利用逐渐成为人们研究的重点。太阳能以其取之不尽、安全、无污染等特点受到人们的重视；近年来,我国城镇化建设的步伐不断加快,建筑能耗随之大幅度增加,而在建筑能耗中,暖通空调系统和热水系统所占的比例接近60%。因此研究一种基于太阳能利用的光伏/光热一体化热泵热水系统,在实现光伏发电的同时,为建筑物提供用于供暖和生活用的热水成为一种可以缓解能源压力的有效途径。本文围绕自行研发的裸板式多孔扁盒集热器,搭建了太阳能光伏光热复合空气源热泵热水系统实验平台,以提高系统的光热/光电输出性能和推动其实现产品实用化为目的进行了相关的研究。首先,根据目前的光伏组件加工工艺,研发了一种多晶硅PV/T裸板集热/蒸发器。集热器背部焊接6根铝制多孔扁盒结构集热管作为吸热装置,扁盒截面尺寸为25mm×2.5mm,每个扁盒管内部分为5个相同的矩形流通通道。以此为核心与风冷式翅片管蒸发器进行混联搭建了光伏/光热一体化热泵(PV/T-HP)热水系统实验台。其次,根据系统不同控制方式,提出双热源运行、单太阳能运行、单空气能运行三种不同模式。针对三种不同模式,在常州地区春季和夏季工况条件下将200 L加热到55℃,探讨不同运行模式下,环境工况对实验性能的影响。结果显示夏季工况下,双热源运行模式分别比单太阳能和单空气能模式的加热时间缩短了42%和54%,COP分别提高了24.47%和40.14%；春季工况下双热源运行模式下分别比单太阳能和单空气能模式的加热时间缩短了29.7%和45.8%,COP分别提高了22.1%和39.0%；另外,针对热泵热水系统中的板式蒸发器、压缩机、冷凝水箱、膨胀阀四个部件建立了相应的数学模型。对热泵系统在室外环境温度为30℃条件下进行了相关热力性能的模拟及误差分析。结果显示加热时间的模拟值与实验值最大误差为5.14%,最小误差为0.20%；COP的模拟值与实验值最大误差为18.67%,最小误差为1.44%。最后,针对搭建的实验平台,研究了在常州地区春季和夏季工况条件下,系统进行循环加热热水的性能实验。对比研究了系统热电联供模式和单一光电模式下的性能,深入探讨了太阳辐射强度、环境温度、PV/T集热板温度等参数对系统光电/光热性能的影响。结果显示,夏季工况下的平均光热效率为55%,热电联供模式光电效率为15.4%,单一光电模式的光电效率为12.4%；春季工况下的平均光热效率为53.5%,热电联供模式光电效率为21.5%,单一光电模式的光电效率为18.5%。为系统的推广应用提供了数据支持。更多还原

【Abstract】 People had pay more attention to the use of renewable energy with the rapidly increased of energy consumption in the world. The solar energy had become more important because of its safety, non-polluting, etc. In recent years, the total building energy consumption had rapidly increased with the development of society in our county. The energy consumption of HVAC system and hot water system were about 60 percent of the total building energy consumption. So it was very important to invent a system which intergrated solar photovoltaic/thermal and heat pump water heating system. The system could not only realize the photovoltaic power generation, but also could provide the building with hot water for living. So it became an effective measure to decrease the power of energy. This paper was focused on the multi-port tube to build solar-air photovoltaic/thermal composite air source heat pump water heating system. Then made lots of related theoretical and experimental studies which aimed to improve the photovoltaic/thermal output characteristics and commercialization of the system.Firstly, based on the popular machining process of commercial PV modules, an unglazed photovoltaic/thermal collector with polycrystalline silicon was manufactured. There were 5 multi-port tubes which can absorb solar energy on the back of the collector. The size of the tube was 25mm×2.5 mm, and each tube had six small-size rectangle flow channels inside. A new type of solar photovoltaic/thermal integrated heat pump (PV/T-HP) hot water system was built which used the collector and air-cooled pipe-finned exchanger as kernel part.Secondly, three different operating modes were proposed in this study which include double heat source operation mode, singel solar energy operation mode and single air energy operation mode. With 200 L hot water heated from 30℃ to 55℃ by the system. The performances of this system were evaluate experimentally under different operating modes. Experimental results showed that the running time of double heat source operation was shorter than that of single air energy operation and single solar energy operation, decreased by 42% and 54%, COPs were increased by 32.78% and 47.64%, respectively under summer condition.The running time of double heat source operation was shorter than that of single air energy operation and single solar energy operation, decreased by 29.7% and 45.8%, COPs were increased by 22.1% and 39.0%, respectively under spring condition.Besides, the mathematical models about plate type evapotator, compressor, condenser and expansion valve were built. The simulation and error analysis of the system were carried out under the condition that the ambient temperature was 30℃. The results showed the maximum error of heating time between values of simulation and experimental datas was 5.14%, and the minimum error was 0.20%. The maximum error of COP between values of simulation and experimental datas was 18.67%, and the minimum error was 1.44%.Finally, the system’s thermodynamic and photovoltaic output characteristics for heating 200 L water were investigated experimentally. The performance of system was studied both of electro-optic pattern and electro-thermal pattern. The photovoltaic and thermal output characteristic were analyzed in detail which based on solar irradiance, amient temperature and collectors’ temperature, etc. The results showed the average efficiency of optic-thermal was 55% under summer condition. The efficiencies of optic-electro were 15.4% and 12.4% in electro-thermal and electro-optic patterns under summer condition. The average efficiency of optic-thermal was 53.5%% under spring condition. The efficiencies of optic-electro were 21.5% and 18.5% in electro-thermal and electro-optic patterns under spring condition. All of the analysis provided the data support for the popularity of the system.更多还原