【作者】 徐亮；

【导师】 施建辉；

【作者基本信息】 东南大学 ， 法律硕士（非法学）（专业学位）， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 当前我国经济进入新常态,经济在中高速发展的同时也带来诸多社会问题。例如近年来司法实践中出现当事人通过恶意诉讼等手段,侵害第三人合法权益的情况不断涌现。为了遏制此等现象,2012年民事诉讼法修改时在第56条第3款中新增第三人撤销之诉的规定。但是本款规定过于原则,缺乏实践的操作性。有鉴于此,最高人民法院于2015年初颁布《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国民事诉讼法)的解释》。该解释中专章对第三人撤销之诉进行进一步释明,有效解决了该制度在程序适用方面的问题,但对于实体构成要件方面的问题涉及甚少。本文基于实证分析角度,采用大数据模式进行统计并结合典型案例进行定性分析,在对第三人撤销之诉的构成要件及客体进行检讨后提出相关建议。本文创造性地提出实践中法院审理第三人撤销之诉的惯用模式并指出该模式存在的问题。本文还建设性地指出第三人提起撤销之诉应当有最长时限的限制以及对于适格原告应当作有限制的扩大解释,防止第三人滥用诉权。本文在结构上分为引言、正文、结语三部分,其中正文共计四章。以下为对正文部分概述。第一章采用大数据模式对第三人撤销之诉的司法实践现状进行定量分析。本章数据一部分来自中国裁判文书网,另一部分来自笔者选取的案例。在定量分析中发现第三人撤销之诉面临着总体案件数量较少、立案难、上诉率高等问题。第二章选取四则典型案例,找出这些案例所反映出的第三人撤销之诉在实践中仍存在的问题。如什么样的人才是第三人撤销之诉的适格原告、何谓诉的利益以及是否要防止第三人滥用诉讼权力、第三人撤销之诉是否真的能够有效遏制虚假诉讼以及该如何具体惩治虚假诉讼等。第三章针对前述问题对第三人撤销之诉进行检讨。主要检讨构成要件及客体。分析对第三人撤销之诉适格原告进行类型化的可能性以及法律规定的客体范围是否恰当。第四章基于前面的分析提出建议。主要是对本诉讼进行类型化、防止第三人滥用诉权、严格惩治虚假诉讼、建立诉讼推进制与要件审查相结合、构建诉讼告知制度等方面。更多还原

【Abstract】 Today, Chinese economy enter into the stage of "New normal".Even though the economy develop rapidly, but also accompany various problems. In recent years, parties often use measures,such as malicious action,to damage the third party’s legal interest in the judicial practice.In order to control this phenomenon, the civil procedure law add the suit of the third party discharge the judgment in the article 56(3) in 2O12.But the provision is too principle,and operate difficultly in the practice. On account of above reason,the supreme court explains the suit of the third party discharge the judgment in the independent chapter of the supreme court on the application of applying to the civil procedure law of People’s Republic of China enacted in 2015. The explanation solves problems in the application of system and procedure,but entity constitutive requirements involves less.The paper bases on the empirical analysis, using huge data statistics and combing with typical case to give a qualitative analysis,and after discussing the constitutive requirement and entity of the suit of the third party discharge the judgment,the paper will give according suggestions.The author researches cases and put forwards habitual pattern creatively used in the suit of the third party discharge the judgment, then points out problems existing in the pattern. What’s more, the author indicate that the longest time limit and expanding explanation restrictively for the proper plaintiff should be included in the suit of the third party discharge the judgment to avoid the third party abuse the right of action.The paper includes three parts:introduction,main body and epilogue, the main body has four chapters.Next the author will summarize the main body.Chapter 1 uses big data to analyze quantitatively for the judicial practice. One part of the data from China net written judgment,and the other part from selected cases.The author find that the suit of the third party discharge the judgment faces problems,such as the number of total cases is less, register difficultly,the rate of appeal is high and so on.Chapter 2 choose 4 typical cases,and find the problems existing in the practice of the suit of the third party discharge the judgment reflected by the cases, such as which kind of people are the proper plaintiff, what is the interest of the appeal,and how to avoid the third party abusing litigation right, whether the suit of the third party discharge the judgment can real prevent false case or not, and how to punish false case specifically.Chapter 3 discuss the suit of the third party discharge the judgment for the above problems. This chapter discusses the constitutive requirements and entity mainly and analyze the possibility of categorizing the proper plaintiff and whether the scope of entity stipulated by law is appropriate.Chapter 4 gives suggestions based on the above analysis. This part mainly discuss how to classify the case, prevent the third party abuse litigation right, punish false appeal strictly, combing the elements review to construct propulsion system of litigation and construct notification system of lawsuit.更多还原