【作者】 李伟；

【导师】 靳其兵； 姚爱国；

【作者基本信息】 北京化工大学 ， 控制工程（专业学位）， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 离心式压缩机是目前国内大型工厂中提供动力的核心设备之一。离心式压缩机相对其他压缩机的优点很明显：有平滑的性能曲线,操作范围广,可达到更高的压比,易于实现自动化和大型化；同时离心式压缩机的缺点也同样明显：有喘振现象,气体分子量的变化对压缩机操作影响很大。解决分子量变化对压缩机操作影响的问题可以使工厂生产更平稳,同时节能增效。本文首先阐述了离心式压缩机在国内的重要地位,简单介绍压缩机控制系统的现状。然后从压缩机厂家设计、压缩机控制系统算法、实际工厂操作等几方面详细分析了压缩机入口气体分子量变化对离心压缩机控制和操作的影响。从解决分子量变化对压缩机控制影响的方面详细介绍了美国压缩控制公司的无量纲坐标系防喘振控制系统。最后通过一个详细的富气压缩机现场改造实例阐明分子量变化对压缩机控制的影响问题是可以通过改造压缩机控制系统来解决的。首先,由设计部门对离心压缩机的回流管路进行重新设计,由厂家专业工程师根据收集压缩机性能曲线、相关仪表、阀门资料数据进行重新核算；其次,在装置检修时,由厂家与现场人员共同完成完成现场接线,确认现场仪表、阀门,系统联调、汽轮机单试、压缩机空负荷试车等工作；再次,在装置正式开工时,由厂家专业工程师在线进行喘振实验,找出工厂环境下该压缩机真实的喘振曲线,将系统全部投自动,并进行精调；最后,在工艺负荷变化、压缩机入口分子量变化时,调整控制系统自动控制参数,确保压缩机安全平稳运行且达到节能降耗的效果。更多还原

【Abstract】 Centrofual compressor is one of the core equipment of power in large domestic factories. The advantages of the centrifugal compressor relative to other compressor is obvious:(1) has a smooth performance curce; (2) has a wide scope of operation; (3) could achieve higher compression ratio; (4) easy to realize automation and large scale. At the same time, the shortcomings of the centrifugal compressor also obvious: (1) surged; (2) the change of gas molecular had a great influence on the compressor operation. Solve the change problem of gas molecular on the compressor operation can make the production more smoothly, energy conservation and efficiency at the same time.This study first expounded the important position of centrifugal compressor in domestic factories, and introduced the present situation of the compressor control system. Then analyzed the gas MW changes on compressor control and operation from compressor performance curce design, compressor control system, algorithm and actual operation. Introduced the dimensionless coordinates of Compressor Control Corporation for MW changes on compressor control and operation. At last, through a detailed reconstruction of the rich gas compressor to clarify that MW changes on compressor control and operation problem can be addressed by reconstructing compressor control system. At the same time through surged test on line and other measures to achieve the energy conservation and emissions reduction of the factory. First, redesign the return line of compressor, Recalculate the comprssor performance curve, instruments and valves. Second, during the period of maintenance, complete the field wiring, confirm the installation location, perform the system test, turbine solo run and compressor air test. The Third, when unit start, perform surged test work on line. Find out the real surge limit line of the compressor. All controllers turn to auto, perform fine tuning work. At last, when load changes, or MW of gas changes, the compressor contrl system restored automatically. To ensure the compressor was safe and steady, achieve the effect of saving energy and reducing consumption.更多还原