言语伤害与自我宽恕：马基雅维利人格的调节作用

【作者】 王丽华；

【导师】 傅宏；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 发展与教育心理学， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 本文探索了在言语伤害情境中,认知归因与情绪体验对自我宽恕的影响机制,并分析马基雅维利人格(以下简称马基人格)在这一机制中的作用。共分为三个子研究,预研究以75名大学生为被试,通过开放调查法编制言语伤害的归因倾向问卷,为后续研究提供可行的测量工具；研究一以190名大学生为研究对象,通过问卷法考察归因倾向、情绪体验与自我宽恕之间的关系；研究二以175名大学生为被试,通过实验法与问卷法相结合,探讨不同程度伤害情境中,不同马基人格个体的认知归因、情绪体验与自我宽恕的特点。具体的研究结果如下：1.当个体回忆言语伤害情境时,其归因倾向可以分为三种,一是自己指向的归因,二是他人指向的归因,三是双方指向的归因。2.当个体回忆言语伤害他人的情境时,其事后的消极情绪体验与其现在的自我宽恕水平显著负相关；同时,自己指向归因与现在自我宽恕水平显著负相关,他人指向归因与现在的自我宽恕水平显著正相关,双方指向归因与现在自我宽恕水平的相关不显著。事后情绪体验与归因倾向能够显著预测现在自我宽恕水平。3.在重伤害情境下,与低马者相比,高马基者有较高水平的消极情绪体验、较高水平的他人指向归因、较低水平的自己指向归因。而在轻伤害情境下,两者在情绪体验和归因倾向上的得分差异不显著。综上所述,本研究发现,事后情绪体验与归因倾向能够显著预测现在自我宽恕水平；马基雅维利人格是伤害程度与事后情绪体验、伤害程度与归因倾向之间的显著调节变量。更多还原

【Abstract】 This study explores the way how cognitive attribution and emotion process impact self forgiveness, and examine the role of Machiavellianism in the context of verbal insuliting. This study is composed of three investigations, in which the preliminary investigation uses 75 participants, and through open questionnaires it finds that cognitive attribution is composed of three types. The first formal investigation uses 190 participants, and finds that in the verbal insulting context, cognitive attribution and emotion process have significant links with self forgiveness. The second formal investigation using 175 participants finds that in the differing level of verbal insulting contexts, Machiavellianism moderates the cognitive attribution and emotion process, and then differing level of self forgiveness comes. The important results are as follows:Firstly, when one recalls the verbal insults to others, he or she usually has one of the three types of attributions, i.e. self oriented wrongness, others oriented wrongness and mutual wrongness.Secondly, in the recalling of verbal insults to others, one experiences involved negative emotions and uses differing type attributions. Furthermore, the level of negative emotions correlates negatively with the level of self forgiveness; the level of self oriented wrongness correlates negatively with self forgiveness; but the level of others oriented wrongness does positively with self forgiveness, and mutual wrongness doesn’t correlates with self forgiveness significantly. Negative emotions and attributions can jointly predict self forgiveness significantly.Thirdly, in the high level of verbal hurt, those who have high degree of Machavellianism have more negative emotions, higher level of others orented wrongness, lower level of self oriented wrongness. In the low level of verbal hurt, however, the differences in negative emotion and attibution among the two are not significant.To summarize, after the occurrence of verbal insults toward others, the psychological of courses can be briefed in this way, i.e. the personality of Machiavellian moderates significantly one’s emotions process and attribution process, then moderated emotions and attributions jointly play on self forgiveness.更多还原