【作者】 刘鹏；

【导师】 孙广玉；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 植物营养学， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 空气环境是人类生存和活动的主要因素。随着工业化和城镇化进程加快,人们对交通运输以及煤炭石油等能源需求剧增,向大气排放的污染物严重污染大气环境,公众健康、生态环境和社会经济承受巨大压力和威胁,尤其是二氧化硫(SO2)和氮氧化合物(NOx)等气体逐年增加,因此,H2SO4、HNO3和HNO2等不同形式的酸雨发生的次数逐年增加,而且强度不断的增加,酸雨不仅对建筑物有损坏,还对人和动植物产生影响。为了深入探讨酸雨对植物细胞生长和呼吸代谢的影响,而且排除植物叶绿体相关代谢的干扰,本文以只含有线粒体的烟草Bright Yellow-2 (BY-2)细胞为试验材料,模拟不同pH(1.5、2.5、3.5、4.5、5.5)值下硫酸型酸雨(SAR)、硝酸型酸雨(NAR)及混合型酸雨(MAR),研究烟草BY-2细胞的生长量、呼吸速率、酶活性和细胞活性以及DNA对酸雨的响应。酸雨酸度越大,细胞的迫害性就越强,结果如下：1.模拟不同类型酸雨,烟草BY-2细胞干重量减少,并随着pH的减小,胁迫强度逐渐增大,细胞的干重量下降的越大,硫酸型酸雨的胁迫强度最大,其次是硝酸型酸雨,混合型酸雨的干重也降低,降低的幅度小于硫酸型酸雨。说明酸雨溶液在一定程度上对烟草BY-2细胞有所损伤,阻碍了烟草BY-2细胞正常的生理与生长。2.模拟不同类型酸雨,烟草BY-2细胞的呼吸速率受到一定程度的影响,在强酸(pH=1.5)下,细胞呼吸速率较小,强酸抑制了细胞的正常的呼吸,在其他处理组中各个酸雨的呼吸出现增高或降低的趋势,细胞呼吸出现了紊乱的状况,说明细胞受到了酸雨的胁迫,对细胞产生了一定程度的损伤。3.模拟不同类型酸雨,烟草BY-2细胞的酶的活性受到了影响,过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性要低于正常细胞的含量,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性随着时间而增加,丙二醛(MDA)的含量在强酸(pH=1.5)下含量较大,且处于增加趋势,而其他处理组的MDA的含量较小。4.模拟不同类型酸雨,烟草BY-2细胞的细胞活性受到了影响,在强酸处理下(pH=1.5),硫酸型、硝酸型和混合型酸雨的细胞的荧光活性较弱,细胞的形态发生了变化,随着酸度的减低,细胞的荧光性逐渐增强,细胞的形态变化程度也降低了,说明强酸对细胞的损害性较强,会导致细胞的活性降低甚至会导致其死亡。5.模拟不同类型酸雨,烟草BY-2细胞的DNA也受到了影响,酸度较大(pH=1.5)时,细胞的DNA的含量就有所减少,对DNA有所迫害性,因此对细胞的遗传物质-DNA产生了影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 Atmospheric condition is the main factor for human life and human activity.As the development of industrialization and urbanization has accelerated,the quantity demanded of the traffic and petroleum energy has a sharp increase,growth in living standard,material is used up that has increased,when human release pollutants into the environment,it will polluted the atmospheric.It will have the pressure and threat on human health, environment and social economy, especially the SO2 and NOx, so the times of H2SO4, HNO3 and HNO2 acid rain have increased by year,the strength has increased year by year, acid rain not noly has damage for the construction,also has influence on the human and animals.To study the influence of acid rain on cell growth and cellular respiration of the plant,but without the influence of the Chloroplast metabolism,the article uses the Bright Yellow-2 (BY-2) cells that only with mitochondria are for the studying material,simulate different pHs (1.5、2.5、3.5、4.5、5.5) of SAR、NAR and MAR to treat the cells,so to know the influence of cell growth、cellular respiration、 enzymatic activity and cell activity.the greater the acidity,the more stress of Tobacco BY-2 cells, the results are below:1. Simulate different types acid rain,the dry weight of Tobacco BY-2 cells has reduced,as the pH has reduced,the more dry weight of tobacco BY-2 cells has fallen,the stress of SAR is the maximum,then the NAR, the dry weight of MAR has fallen,but is lessthan SAR. So the acid rain solution can hurt the Tobacco BY-2 cells,the acid rain has blocked the physiology and growth of Tobacco BY-2 cells.2. Simulate different types acid rain, cellular respiration of Tobacco BY-2 cells has under the influence,under the strong acid(pH=1.5), cellular respiration is less,the strong acid rain can control the cellular respiration,but cellular respiration has increase or fallen in other treatment groups, cellular respiration apper mess,so the cells have meet the acid rain stress,and the acid rain solution can hurt the Tobacco BY-2 cells.3. Simulate different types acid rain, enzymatic activity of Tobacco BY-2 cells has under the influence,the CAT activity is less than the normal cells,the SOD and POD activitys has increased by time,and under the stong acid(pH=1.5),he MDA is great,and has increased,but the MD A is less in other treatment groups.4. Simulate different types acid rain,the cell activity of Tobacco BY-2 cells has under the influence,under the strong acid (pH=1.5),the fluorescence of SAR、NAR and MAR has became weak,the cellular shape has changed,as the acidity has fallen,the fluorescence has increased,and the cellular shape has changed less,so the acid rain solution can hurt the Tobacco BY-2 cells so depply,and the cell activity has fallen and make cells dead.5. Simulate different types acid rain, the DNA of Tobacco BY-2 cells has under the influence, the strong acid rain(pH=1.5),the DNA has reduced,so it can hurt the DNA and the cells.It has influence on genetic material.更多还原