【作者】 张莹；

【导师】 魏晓慧； 王阿川；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 林业信息工程， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 在工业化迅速发展的大环境下,雾霾己不仅是一个城市的小问题,更是很多区域的大问题,PM_2.5即细颗粒物是造成城市大气环境污染的元凶,而且PM_2.5对人类身体健康的多个系统可造成不同程度的危害。PM_2.5己成为哈尔滨市可吸入颗粒物（PM10）污染中的首要污染物,而城市森林通过吸附作用可以降低PM_2.5质量浓度,因此合理规划城市森林布局既可以有效的改善城市空气质量,进而调节城市生态环境,又对人类身心健康大有裨益。本论文收集整理了哈尔滨市2014年全年地面监测站点的PM_2.5及PM10质量浓度数据、主要空气污染物数据（包括SO2、NO2、CO）和气象数据（包括气压、风速、气温和相对湿度）,分别分析了不同时间尺度下（日、月、季）PM_2.5和PM1o质量浓度变化特征,利用SPSS软件分析了两者的相关性,分别分析了不同相对湿度条件下PM25质量浓度与主要空气污染物浓度的相关性,并以降水日和非降水日进行区分,分析了PM_2.5质量浓度与气象因子的相关性。利用Terra卫星上搭载的MODIS传感器的MOD04 Level2的AOD数据,建立AOD数据与PM_2.5质量浓度的遥感反演模型,对比分析了5种函数模型,从中选出最优模型并计算模型精度,在ENVI软件的支持下按季节分别估算了哈尔滨市部分城区PM_2.5质量浓度空间分布,并从4个角度分析了造成这种分布特征的原因。以冬夏两季PM_2.5质量浓度差值代表城市森林对PM_2.5的消减作用,并加入城市建筑用地面积比例进行修正,利用Landsat遥感影像提取景观覆盖类型图,利用FRAGSTAS软件计算景观格局指数,分析了各景观格局指标特征与PM_2.5消减作用关系,提出在不影响经济发展的前提下,平衡工业发展与环境保护两者之间的矛盾,利用城市森林对PM25的消减作用,合理规划城市森林布局,降低PM_2.5污染,保护生态环境和入类健康,最终达到人与自然协调可持续发展的目的。更多还原

【Abstract】 Under the macroenvironment of the rapid development of industrialization, the fog and haze is not only a small problem in a city, but also a big problem in many regions. PM_2.5 （Fine Particulate Matter） is the culprit for the pollution of atmospheric environment of the city. And it can cause different degree of harm to multiple systems of human physical health. It has been primary pollutant of Particulate Matter （PM10） in Harbin City. Urban Forest can reduce the mass concentrations of PM_2.5 by adsorption. Therefore, rational planning the layout of the urban forest can not only mprove air quality and then adjust the urban ecological environment effectively but also has a great benefit to people’s physical and mental health.This paper collected and arranged the mass concentrations of PM_2.5 data, PM10 data, main air polutants （including SO2、NO2 and CO） and meteorological data （including atmospheric pressure、wind speed、temperature and relative humidity） in ground minitoring station in 2014 full year in Harbin City. It analyzed respectively the changing characteristics of the mass concentrations of PM_2.5 and PM10 at different time scales （day, month and season）. And it analyzed the relevance between them by the SPSS software. It analyzed the relevance between the mass concentrations of PM_2.5 and the concentrations of main air pollutants in different relative humidity distinguishing between precipitation days and non precipitation ones. It also made the relevance analysis between the mass concentrations of PM_2.5 and meteorological factors.This study made use of MOD04 Level2 Aerosol Optical Depth （AOD） data of modis sensor in Terra satellite. It established the remote retrieval model of AOD data and the mass concentration of PM_2.5. It compared and analyzed the five fuction modles. Selected the best one from them and calculated the accuracy of the modles. It estimated seasonal spatial distribution characteristics of the mass concentrations of PM_2.5 respectively under the support of ENVI software in the part of Harbin City. And it analysed the reasons of this kind of causing the distribution characteristics from four angles.The difference of PM_2.5’S mass concentrations between winter and summer expressed the urban forest’s reduction effect. And it added the proportion of the urban construction land area to revise. It used Landsat remote sensing image to extract landscape covering type map. And it used FRAGSTAS software to calculate the landscape pattern index. It analyzed the relevance between the index features of landscape patten and PM_2.5 reduction relationship. It proposed the viewpoint that we should make use of urban forest’s reduction effect to PM_2.5 and planned the layout of urban forest rationally and reduced the pollution of PM_2.5 under the premise of not affecting the economic development. To banlance the contradition between industrial development and environmental protection, we should protecte the ecological environment and human health, and ultimately achieve the goal of coordinated sustainable development of human and nature.更多还原