【作者】 王莹；

【导师】 王志英；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 森林保护学， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 保护酶和解毒酶是昆虫体内重要的酶系,参与杀虫剂在昆虫体内的代谢,在逆境胁迫条件下,昆虫体内会诱发细胞大量产生各种活性氧物质,而活性氧会导致体内的细胞膜脂质过氧化、影响细胞内的信号传导和基因表达等多种生理活动,致使昆虫体内的保护酶和解毒酶发生改变,以清除或分解体内的有毒物质,从而使自身免受伤害。本文以榆紫叶甲(Ambrostoma quadriimpressum Motsch)成虫为研究对象,通过研究6种杀虫剂对其保护酶(超氧化酶歧化酶和过氧化氢酶)和解毒酶(羧酸酯酶和谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶)活性的影响,探索害虫接触杀虫剂后的抗药和解毒机制,为杀虫剂的合理使用和安全性评价提供基础资料和理论指导。1、供试6种杀虫剂原药对榆紫叶甲成虫的毒力从大到小依次为功夫菊酯、高效百树菊酯、吡虫啉、阿维菌素、灭幼脲、杀铃脲。2、不同杀虫剂对榆紫叶甲成虫离体保护酶的影响不同,6种供试杀虫剂对离体CAT的活性均表现为抑制作用；而对SOD的影响不同,阿维菌素、高效百树菊酯和功夫菊酯对离体SOD活性具有抑制作用。除高效百树菊酯外,其余5种杀虫剂对榆紫叶甲成虫离体CAT的活性均有抑制作用;阿维菌素、功夫菊酯和高效百树菊酯对离体SOD活性均有抑制作用。3、阿维菌素对离体CarE活性有抑制作用,且呈现其抑制率随浓度增大而减小的趋势。其余5种药剂均表现为激活作用；6种杀虫剂对榆紫叶甲成虫离体GST活性均有不同程度的抑制作用,抑制率从大到小依次为灭幼脲、功夫菊酯、高效百树菊酯、杀铃脲、阿维菌素、吡虫啉。4、阿维菌素对榆紫叶甲成虫体内CAT活性的影响总体表现为抑制作用；与对照相比差异达显著水平；除高浓度吡虫啉对体内CAT活性为激活作用外、其余浓度及时段均呈抑制作用；12h和24h杀铃脲对榆紫叶甲成虫体内CAT的活性呈抑制作用；灭幼脲处理榆12h对紫叶甲成虫体内CAT活性表现为高浓度抑制、低浓度激活：高效百树菊酯对榆紫叶甲成虫体内CAT活性的影响表现为低浓度激活；功夫菊酯处理12h榆紫叶甲成虫体内CAT活性为低浓度激活、高浓度抑制。阿维菌素处理榆紫叶甲成虫24h和36h其体内SOD活性均受到抑制;吡虫啉处理12h和24h可激活榆紫叶甲成虫体内SOD的活性；灭幼脲对榆紫叶甲成虫体内SOD的活性具有激活作用；12h和24h高效百树菊酯处理组体内SOD活性均高于对照；功夫菊酯处理12h,榆紫叶甲成虫体内SOD活性下降,且抑制程度均达显著水平。5、阿维菌素处理榆紫叶甲成虫24h时段内,体内CarE活性增加；毗虫啉对榆紫叶甲成虫体内CarE活性具有激活作用。对榆紫叶甲成虫体内GST活性的影响测定结果表明：功夫菊酯表现为激活作用,高效百树菊酯表现为先抑制、激活、抑制,吡虫啉、阿维菌素表现为先激活后抑制的作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 The protective enzymes and detoxification enzymes are the important enzym es in insects, which are involved in the metabolism of pesticides in pests. Under various stress cells in insects will produce various kinds of activated oxygen sp ecies which cause the cell membrane lipid peroxidation, affect signal transduction in cells and gene expression, and activate the protective enzyme and detoxifyin g enzymes to remove or decomposition of toxic substances in insects. In this pa per the elm purple leaf beetle (Ambrostoma quadriimpressum Motsch) adult was selected as our research object. The mechanism of pest resistance and detoxific ation was explored through the study of the effects of the six pesticides on the activities of the protective enzymes and detoxifying enzymes. We provide the ba sic data and theoretical guidance for scientific use and safety evaluation of pesti cides.1. The toxicity of six pesticides to Ambrostoma quadriimpressum Motsch wa s sorted in descending order as Cyhalothrin,Beta-cyfluthrin,lmidacloprid,Abamectin, Chlorbenzuron.Triflumuron.2. The effects of 6 pesticides on the protective enzymes in Ambrostoma qua driimpressum Motsch adult were different. The activity of in vitro CAT was all inh ibited by the 6 pesticides; The activity of in vitro SOD was inhibited by Abamect in, Cyhalothrin and Beta-cyfluthrin; The activity of in vitro SOD was all inhibited by Abamectin, Cyhalothrin and Beta-cyfluthrin.3. The activity of in vitro CarE was inhibited by Abamectin, and the inhibitor y rate was decreased by increasing concentration. The activity of in vitro CarE was avctivated by the rest 5 pesticides; The activity of in vitro GST in Ambrosto ma quadriimpressum Motsch adult was inhibited at different level; the inhibitory r ate was sorted in descending order as Chlorbenzuron, Cyhalothrin, Beta-cyfluthri n, Triflumuron, Abamentin, Imidacloprid.4. The activity of in vitro CAT in Ambrostoma quadriimpressum Motsch adult was inhibited by Abamectin, the difference was greatly significant. The activity o f in vitro CAT in Ambrostoma quadriimpressum Motsch adult was inhibited by Imi dacloprid except that it was activated by imidacloprid of higher concentration. Th e activity of in vitro CAT in Ambrostoma quadriimpressum Motsch adult was inhi bited by Triflumuron at 12h and 24h, however, it was inhibited by Triflumuron of low concentrationand activated by Triflumuron of high concentration at 36h. Th e activity of in vitro CAT in Ambrostoma quadriimpressum Motsch adult was inhi bited by Chlorbenzuron of high concentration and activated by Chlorbenzuron of high concentration at 12h. The activity of in vitro CAT in Ambrostoma quadriimpr essum Motsch adult was activated by Beta-cyfluthrin of low concentrationat 12h and 24h. The activity of in vitro CAT in Ambrostoma quadriimpressum Motsch ad ult was activated by Cyhalothrin of low concentration and inhibited by Cyhalothri n of high concentration at 12h; the activity of in vitro CAT in Ambrostoma quadri impressum Motsch adult was activated by Cyhalothrin at 36h.The activity of in vitro SOD in Ambrostoma quadriimpressum Motsch adult w as inhibited by Abamectin, at 24h and 36h. The activity of in vitro SOD in Ambr ostoma quadriimpressum Motsch adult was activated by Imidacloprid at 12h and 24h. The activity of in vitro SOD in Ambrostoma quadriimpressum Motsch adult was activated by Chlorbenzuron, which was increased at the significant level tha n that of control at 12h and 24h. The activity of in vitro SOD in Ambrostoma qu adriimpressum Motsch adult was higher than that of control at 12h and 24h whe n it was treated by Beta-cyfluthrin, however, it was lower than that of control at 36h. The activity of in vitro SOD in Ambrostoma quadriimpressum Motsch adult was inhibited by Cyhalothrin, and its inhibition reached the significant level at 12 h.5. The activity of in vitro CarE in Ambrostoma quadriimpressum Motsch adul t was increased by 2.72 times at 24h when it was treated by abamectin. The a ctivity of in vitro CarE in Ambrostoma quadriimpressum Motsch adult was activat ed by Imidacloprid. The effects of Cyhalothrin, Beta-cyfluthrin, Imidacloprid and A bamectin on the in vitro GST in Ambrostoma quadriimpressum Motsch adult wa s analyzed, the results showed that Cyhalothrin activated the activity of in vitro CarE; Beta-cyfluthrinfirstly inhibited, then activated and finally inhibited the activity of in vitro CarE; Imidacloprid and Abamentin firstly activated and then inhibited the activity of in vitro CarE.更多还原