论《合同法》第107条之继续履行

【作者】 朱佳；

【导师】 眭鸿明；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 法律硕士（专业学位）， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 我国现正处于社会主义市场经济初级阶段,在商品交易过程中,国家鼓励和支持当事人以利益最大化为原则,实现自我的个人价值和社会价值。为实现利益最大化,当事人往往选择性地以违约为代价谋求高利益,在此情形下,继续履行的违约承担方式是否有适用的空间,如何适用,在司法实务界产生了很大的争议。由于立法和立法背景,我国新的《合同法》对继续履行规则还存在法律地位、执.行标准、及在诉讼保全或查封状态下的适用问题、在破产法上的应用问题等不足之处,本文拟通过吸取和鉴戒列国司法及国际商事领域通行的国际公约和国际惯例对于继续履行制度的规定,进一步完竣继续履行制度。文章第一部分对继续履行规则进行概述。在大陆法系国家,继续履行是首要的救济方式；在英美法系国家,属于补充的救济方式；受传统文化和立法理念的影响,将继续履行提高到履行原则这样的位子,是我国合同法的一大特色。在预期违约的情况下,继续履行只是守约方选择权的表现,并非违约方承担责任的形式；在实际违约的情形下,应进一步制定相关司法解释,以协调继续履行与减损规则的冲突,限制继续履行规则的适用范围。继续履行规则既有其自身的构成要件,在个案裁量上又存在某些适用上的限制。文章第二部分探讨了诉讼保全和查封状态下的继续履行问题。在诉讼保全财产被再次买卖时合同应是有效的,只是登记作为物权对抗要件或生效要件不同情形下,买方的继续履行请求权存在不同的障碍。在介绍《最高人民法院关于人民法院民事执行中查封、扣押、冻结财产的规定》第17条规定基础上,探讨了不同类型合同标的物被诉讼保全时,买受方要求继续履行的处理规则和方法。文章第三部分分析了继续履行合同类判决的执行问题。研究该类判决是否具有强制执行力,执行内容的解释机构和规则,执行步骤的指导原则及替代履行问题。第四部分探讨了破产法的继续履行问题。在破产案件中管理人决定是否继续履行,应坚持两大准则,即破产债权人利益最大化准则和鼓励交易、兼顾公益准则。一旦决定继续履行,管理人能否对履行附条件或期限、或者增减、改变合同条款。笔者对此提出建议,认为为实现公平和效率,应将管理人的选择权拓展至合同内容,管理人有权予以变更。并探讨了破产重整时程序中,管理人权利拓展的范围和相对人的权利范围,及继续履行和继续营业的区别和联系。更多还原

【Abstract】 China is now in the primary stage of the socialist market economy. In the process of commodity trading, the State encourages and supports the parties to maximize the benefits as the principle, realize the self value and social value. In order to maximize the benefits of the parties, the parties often seek high interest at the expense of the breach of contract. In this situation, it is very controversial that whether the contract can be applied in the judicial practice. Due to the legislation and the legislative background, the new "contract law" to continue to fulfill the rule still exist legal status, implementation standards, and application in the preservation of the proceedings or the attachment, the bankruptcy law application problems of deficiencies, this paper intends to through absorb and draw lessons from the nations and justice and international commercial field prevailing international conventions and international practice to continue to fulfill the system requirements, to further improve to continue the performance of the system.The first part of the article is to continue to perform the rules. In civil law countries, continue to perform is the primary means of relief, in the Anglo American legal system countries, are complementary to the way; the influence of traditional culture and legislative ideas, will continue to fulfill the principle of such a position, is a major feature of our country’s contract law. In anticipatory breach of contract, continue to perform only the observant party choice, not the party in breach responsibility form; in case of actual breach, we should further develop the relevant judicial interpretations, to coordinate to perform conflict with the rule of mitigation, continue to perform the rules of applicable scope limits. Continue to fulfill the rules not only its own elements, in the case of a certain amount of restrictions on the application.In the second part of the article, the article discusses the problem of the continuing performance of the litigation preservation and seizure. The contract should be valid when the property is sold again in the case of litigation, but only as a barrier to the right of claim of the buyer’s right to continue to meet the requirements of the property right. In the introduction of the "Supreme People’s Court on the people’s court in the seizure, seizure, freezing of property provisions," the seventeenth provisions of the basis, the article discusses the subject of different types of contracts subject to the preservation of the proceedings, the buyer to continue to perform the processing rules and methods.The third part of the article analyzes the implementation of the contract. To study whether this kind of judgment has the compulsory execution, the execution of the contents of the explanation mechanism and rules, the implementation of the guiding principles and alternative performance issues.The fourth part discusses the implementation of the bankruptcy law. In the case of bankruptcy, the manager decides whether to continue to perform, and should adhere to the two principles, namely, the maximization of the interests of the creditors of bankruptcy, and encourage trade, taking into account the public interest criteria. Once the decision to continue to perform, the management can meet the conditions or terms, or increase or decrease, change the terms of the contract. The author puts forward some suggestions for the realization of fair and efficiency, should be the right to choose the right to expand the management of the contract, the manager has the right to change. And discusses the procedure of bankruptcy reorganization, the scope of the management of the rights and the scope of the relative person, and the difference and connection between the management and the continued operation and the continued operation.更多还原