【作者】 沈曦；

【导师】 刘仁春； 王炯权；

【作者基本信息】 广西师范大学 ， 公共管理（专业学位）， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 安全是人类生存发展的最基本需求。随着人民生活水平的不断提高和经济的可持续发展,人们的生存理念发生了深刻变化,对安全的重视已经上升到了前所未有的高度,追求“人一社会一经济(环境)”的可持续发展模式已经成为人类社会首要的共同目标。由于水上交通具有高风险性的特点,水上交通事故给社会、经济和环境能够造成的巨大危害,使得水上交通安全成为倍受社会公众关注的热点之一。因而,对水上交通安全管理的研究成果也不断涌现,本文拟在已有研究的基础之上,着重探讨东莞航运辖区水上交通安全管理中实际存在的问题及其深层次原因。东莞航运辖区水上交通安全存在问题主要在于以下几个方面：航道环境与航运发展相互制约；水上水下施工增加监管难度;乡镇客渡船管理力度不够；船舶大型化与航道建设不一致；旅游船舶船员流动性大；船员素质普遍较低；船员文化程度不高；违章责任不明确,部分船员责任感淡薄；渡工流动性大；海事人员总量不足；水上搜救机制不完善。鉴于此,本文提出了水上交通安全管理是一项涉及面广泛、涵盖内容多的系统工作,不能仅依靠海事部门的监管,而应由政府牵头,紧密依靠社会各界力量,共同打造水上交通安全体系,提升水上交通管理的实效性,从而促进水上交通安全网络的完善。一方面,水上交通经济不仅是我国经济体系的重要组成部分,同时也是政府为公众提供有公共服务的主要途径之一。水上交通的安全与否在一定程度上也能反映政府工作是否得力,因此,政府相关部门必须要充分发挥行政管理职责,坚持依法统一管理理念,并紧密依靠海事管理部门和社会各界力量,妥善处理水上交通系统中存在的问题和不足,尽快建立起科学完善的水上交通安全体系。与此同时,水上交通安全管理工作要突出与地方经济发展水平的一致性,充分利用水上交通运输的优势,促进地方经济的稳定发展。政府参与水上交通安全管理不仅履行了政府的行政管理职责,同时也有助于提升水上交通安全管理的实效性,使得水上交通安全管理工作与地方经济建设相融合,从而实现经济社会的和谐发展。水上交通安全管理体系的建立应基于全局规划,监管基地的选择要符合辖区内水上交通安全管理整体需求,避免出现零散分散的检测基地,在空间上形成“点-线-面”结构,从而加强全局安全监管控制的水平。及时发现辖区内可能引发安全事故的隐患,并在第一时间做出应急动作,调集各方面力量进行救援,提升水上交通综合应急反应能力。各级水上交通管理部门要建立健全安全监管合作机制,积极搭建沟通合作平台,推进跨行政区划通航水域安全监督管理的整体联动,形成水上交通安全监管合力,对客滚船的安全检查重要重点排查是否存在超员超载、违规携带危险品等问题,从而确保乘客的生命财产安全。加大对从事危险货物运输的船舶的检查力度,狠抓事故隐患源头,严格监督存在安全隐患的船舶企业是否切实整改,避免监管工作陷入被动、迟缓局面。建立系统化船员培训考核制度,提升船员的从业安全素质。船员的职业安全素质包括实际操作水平、安全技能水平、责任意识和自身安全意识等,不断提升船员的综合素质,能够大幅降低水上交通事故发生几率,从而有效维护水上交通安全秩序。坚持安全发展战略,完善水上交通安全管理长效机制；创新安全管理举措,强化水上交通安全长效管理,海事管理机构不仅要监督企业安全文化的建设情况,还应积极发挥宣传和倡导的作用,引导社会各界主动参与到水上交通安全文化建设工作中,使得安全意识能够真正贯穿于水上生产活动的各个环节。强化安全隐患排查、事故预防控制理念,全面落实以人为本的价值理念,将事故伤亡指标降至最低,坚决维护社会和人民群众生命财产安全；一方面应建立完善的水上救援应急反应机制,强化水上安全隐患预警机制,另一方面应加大水上应急救援的各项投入,引入先进的救援技术和救援设备,建立专业化救援队伍,从而强化水上安全事故应急处理能力。建立安全预警机制应基于“预防与应急并重、常态与非常态结合”的原则,各单位加强协作配合,落实联动水上救援工作机制,从而提升应急救援综合能力。更多还原

【Abstract】 Safety is the most basic needs for human survival and development. With sustainable economic development and rising living standards, people’s survival concept has undergone profound changes, the importance of security has risen to an unprecedented level, the pursuit of "one person, one community economic (environment)" Sustainable development It has become the most important common goals of human society. Due to a high risk of water transportation characteristics and maritime accidents to social, economic and environmental harm caused by the huge, making water traffic safety has become one of the hot much public concern. Thus, the maritime traffic safety research results continue to emerge, this paper on the basis of existing research, focused on the problem and its underlying causes, Dongguan shipping traffic safety management in the area of water actually exists.The main rivers are the Dongjiang River, Shima River, cold stream. After the separation of East Shilong Town to the southern tributary River east north-wheeling to the rocky beach, with tributaries from the city by bus, upon Shijie, Gao Bu Town, the town hall, Sheng village Machong injection Shiziyang; east southern tributary southwest diagonal, community acceptance in Gap cold stream from the middle of the city throughout, Gap Here are three smaller tributaries cow landscape, water and small clams River, from east to west sinks into the flowing Shijie Town, Guancheng streets, town of Kau, Houjie town, Shatian in Si Sheng injection Shiziyang. Between east north and south tributaries of Dongjiang River Delta river network. Currently water transport safety authorities in Dongguan, Dongguan is the People’s Republic of China Maritime Safety Administration, Dongguan, Guangdong Province, the former Maritime Bureau Harbour Superintendency Administration in December 2000 formed from, an affiliate of Guangdong Maritime Bureau. The bureau now offers office, party work (discipline inspection department), crew management office, tube fouling at risk, the financial accounting department, marine supervision at the Ship Inspection Department, Command Center (RCC office) and other eight departments, government center, the Coast Guard law enforcement detachment two offices offices; Marine Department under the Sha Tin, Tai Ping Marine Department, Marine Department Changan, mayong Marine Department, Marine Department Zhongtang, Dan Longhai The department and the Marine Department and other seven Guancheng agency. Existing cadres and workers of 219 people, has 14 registered surveyors, Marine Inquisitor 12, registered auditors 8, ship screeners 74(including PSC prosecutor 6), the CPI and the captain and chief engineer 8 Masters and other professionals in a number of maritime administration.Dongguan area of maritime shipping traffic safety problems mainly in the following areas: environment and waterway shipping development of mutual restraint; underwater construction increased the difficulty of monitoring; township passenger ferry management is not enough; large ships and waterway construction is inconsistent; the flow of tourist ship crew large; crew generally low quality; crew educational level; violation responsibilities are not clear, some of the crew weak sense of responsibility; ferry worker mobility; total lack of maritime personnel; maritime search and rescue mechanisms are inadequate. In view of this, we propose water traffic safety work has a strong systemic, can not rely on transportation systems alone, should be placed on the work must closely rely on the local government, related to the sea and all departments should make concerted efforts in a comprehensive way work together to build water traffic safety management chain, forming traffic safety work together, in order to ensure maritime traffic safety work to achieve tangible results. On the one hand, promote shipping economic development is an important aspect of the government to fulfill their social management and public service functions, therefore, do a good job of maritime safety work must adhere to the unified leadership of the government, maritime systems rely on local governments to close properly handle maritime business development and local economy the relationship between social development, give full play to the important role of maritime affairs in the local economic and social development, and of course good local economic and social development, and will provide a good development for the maritime platform. The maritime sector in the overall performance of their duties but also take the initiative to integrate into the local construction; achieve economic and social development and security and stability. Practice shows that rely on government to solve difficult problems in water safety, is effective. On the other hand, the maritime sector should also strengthen coordination with other sea-related sectors cooperate and carry out joint law enforcement, formation of water safety monitoring force. Water traffic management departments at all levels should establish and improve the safety supervision cooperation mechanism, actively build communication and cooperation platform to promote cross-administrative divisions navigable waters safety supervision and management of the overall linkage, forming a water safety monitoring efforts. Adhere to safe development strategy, improve water safety management mechanism; innovative safety management initiatives, strengthening maritime traffic safety long-term management; emergency warning mechanism to improve the management of shipping and other specific recommendations.更多还原