【作者】 张玲玲；

【导师】 郑海春；

【作者基本信息】 内蒙古农业大学 ， 农业资源利用（专业学位）， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 我国土壤缺硼极为严重,居世界首位。根据全国第二次土壤普查结果,我国土壤缺硼面积多达40%以上。植物缺硼会导致“花而不实”,农作物严重减产。但土壤缺硼与硼毒之间界限极为狭窄,硼直接影响农作物的产量和品质。本文通过对呼伦贝尔市大兴安岭北麓区硼的空间变异特性的研究,按照不同旗县、不同土壤类型、不同利用方式、不同坡度、不同成上母质、不同地形部位六个方面进行分类统计分析,明确当地土壤有效硼含量分布现状,并分析油菜、小麦硼肥试验数据,确定当地主要农作物缺硼临界值,为科学施肥提供理论依据。本研究通过呼伦贝尔市4万多个土壤样点实测数据经过空间插值处理获得面状数据和89个主要农作物硼肥试验数据(油菜49个、小麦40个,共计89个)分析得出结果如下：1.大兴安岭北麓区有效硼含量差异较大,平均含量为0.91mg/kg,缺硼耕地面积为135759hm2,占该区域总耕地面积的26.8%,与第二次土壤普查相比,缺硼面积增加了30228hm2。旗县中牙克石有效硼含量平均值最低,缺硼面积最大；土壤类型中缺硼面积最大的是黑钙土和沼泽土,暗棕壤和沼泽土有效硼含量平均值较低；坡度中2-6。的耕地有效硼含量平均值最低,缺硼面积最大；成土母质中洪冲积物有效硼含量平均值最低,缺硼面积最大；地形部位中河漫滩土壤有效硼含量平均值最低,河谷阶地缺硼面积最大；不同利用方式下的土壤有效硼含量平均值没有差异,但旱地面积较大,缺硼面积也最大。2.土壤有效硼含量水平可以较好地反映土壤硼肥力丰缺状况和油菜施用硼肥的产量效应。继而用Cate-Nelson的十字交叉法,确定出大兴安岭北麓区油菜土壤缺硼临界值为0.62mg/kg。3.小麦的相对产量与土壤有效硼含量之间相关性较差,初步说明,小麦对硼相对不太敏感,且本地区土壤有效硼含量足够满足小麦的生长发育。更多还原

【Abstract】 Our country is B deficiency is the most serious countries in the world, according to the second soil census data, soil B deficiency area of up to 40% more than in China. Plant B deficiency can lead to "flower and false", severely reduces production of crops. But the boundaries between soil lack of B and B poison is extremely narrow, B direct effect on crop yield and quality. This article through to the greater Hinggan mountains Hulun Buir city effect in the study of the spatial variation characteristics of B, according to the different flag county, different soil types, using different ways and different slope, different soil parent material, different landform parts classify six aspects:statistical analysis to clear the present distribution of local soil effective B content, and analyze the rape, wheat boron fertilizer experiment data, determine the major crops in B threshold, and provide theoretical basis for scientific fertilization.This research through the Hulun Buir city, more than 40000 soil samples measured data through spatial interpolation processing of planar data and 89 major crop B fertilizer experiment data (rapeseed, wheat 40 49, a total of 89) analysis of the results are as follows:1.The greater hinggan mountains north area effective B content difference is bigger, the average level of 0.91 mg/kg, B deficiency of cultivated land area of 135759 hm2, accounting for 26.8% of the total cultivated area of the region, compared with the second soil census, B deficiency area increased by 30228 hm2.Tooth g stone effective B content in flag county average minimum, B deficiency area biggest; Dark brown soil and soil types in the swamp soil effective B content is low, the average area of boron deficiency is one of the biggest chernozem and bog soil; effective B content in the slope of average minimum, boron deficiency area biggest; Flood alluvial material effective B content in the soil parent material average minimum, B deficiency area biggest; Terrain area flood land soil effective B content in the lowest average, valley terrace boron deficiency area biggest; Under different using ways did not differ between the average soil effective B content, but the dry land area is larger, B deficiency area also is the largest.2. The level of soil effective B content can better reflect the soil fertility of B rich deficiency condition and rape yield effect of application of B fertilizer. Then use the Cate-Nelson cross the crossover, determine the greater hinggan mountains north district rape soil B deficiency critical value of 0.62 mg/kg.3. The relative yield of wheat and correlation between soil effective B content is poorer, preliminary specification, wheat for B less sensitive, and the region of soil effective B content enough to satisfy the growth of wheat.更多还原