【作者】 张鑫；

【导师】 樊明寿；

【作者基本信息】 内蒙古农业大学 ， 植物学， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 马铃薯是典型的喜钾作物,对钾肥的需求量较大。在内蒙古地区马铃薯生产中施钾不足和过量施钾的现象普遍存在。为此,了解马铃薯的钾素营养特点,确定马铃薯钾素的最适用量至关重要。马铃薯合理钾素养分管理的前提之一就是要对马铃薯钾素营养状况作出准确判断。由于目前植株钾素营养分析均需田间破坏性取样,并在干重基础上消化测定,其操作繁琐、工作量较大,指导施肥实践的时效性差。因此建立马铃薯钾素营养田间快速诊断方法和诊断指标十分必要,将为田间实时、准确的进行钾肥施用提供依据。通过本文的研究,得出如下主要结果：1.马铃薯钾素供应到一定水平,块茎产量不再随钾素供应的增加而增加,而马铃薯植株仍然吸收钾素,但不转化为块茎产量。因此,马铃薯存在钾的奢侈吸收,导致单位块茎产量的马铃薯钾素吸收量因施钾水平而异。2.马铃薯倒4叶柄钾浓度对土壤供钾反应敏感,可以作为使用手持式钾离子仪进行马铃薯钾素营养田间快速诊断的指标。3.确定了“克新1号”马铃薯品种倒4叶柄临界钾浓度在出苗30天、45天、60天、75天分别为7783ppm.5753ppm.4428ppm.3205ppm,实测值低于相应的临界值,意味着马铃薯植株缺钾。4.在阴山北麓地区,从出苗30天到75天,“克新1号”马铃薯品种的钾营养田间快速诊断及钾肥推荐模型为：出苗后30天实际钾肥施用量：K 30=53.79×[1+(156-Kreal)/156]:出苗后45天实际钾肥施用量：K 45=80.68×[1+(255-Kreal)/255]；出苗后60天实际钾肥施用量：K60=80.68×[1+(384-Kreal)/384]；出苗后75天实际钾肥施用量：K 75=44.82×[1+(328-Kreal)/328]；其中：Kreal为该时期实测倒4叶柄钾浓度下的吸钾量。更多还原

【Abstract】 Potato is a typical K-favoring crop and has a great demand on potassium. However, potassium deficiency and over use are common phenomenon in potato production in Inner Mongolia. Therefore, it is essential to understand the potassium nutritional characteristics of potato well, based on which to conduct the appropriate nutrition management with optimum rate of potassium. The precise potassium nutrient management relies on the potassium nutrition diagnosis of potato. Currently, the nutrient analysis were based on the digestion of dry tissues, requiring deatructive sampling, long time sample preparing, and special instruments. This means it is of significance to establish instant potassium nutrition diagnosis method of potato plants in field, which would provide a reference for potassium fertilizer application precisely and timely. The main reasults are as follows:1. The tuber yield would not increase any more when the potassium supply amount reach to a certain level, however the potato plants still absorb the element with the supply of potassium. Thus, the luxury potassium absorption exists in potato, which cause variation of potato K requirement unit tuber yield with K supply levels.2. The potassium concentration of 4th leaf of potato is sensitive to soil K supply, therfore it could be used as indicator of potassium nutrition for rapid diagnosis of potato in field.3. The potassium threshold concentration of 4th leaf of photo Kexin-1 in the emergence of 30 days,45 days,60 days and 75 days were 7783 ppm,5753 ppm,4428 ppm and 3205 ppm, respectively, which needs K supplements when the real test value is lower than the corresponding threshold.4. The potassium fertilization recommendation model for potato cultivar Kexin-1 basing on rapid diagnosis was established from the emergence of 30 days to 75 days as:K30= 53.79x [1+(156-Kreal)/156] (DAE 30); K45= 80.68x [1+(255-Kreal)/255] (DAE 45); K60= 80.68x [1+(384-Kreal)/384] (DAE 60); K 75= 44.82x [1+(328-Kreal)/328] (DAE 75), where Kreal is the real potassium uptakes calculated from the 4 petiole of potassium test value.更多还原