【作者】 吴波；

【导师】 高成发；

【作者基本信息】 东南大学 ， 大地测量学与测量工程， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 随着全球GNSS卫星导航定位技术的不断发展与完善,无验潮水深测量与卫星定位技术的联系越来越紧密,目前在长江内河航道进行无验潮水深测量时,由于受一些因素的影响,难以选择有效的方式在长江内河航道进行无验潮水深测量。稠林矶北斗/GPS双频差分信标台系统的建成,为长江内河航道的无验潮水深测量提供了一种新的作业方式。本文在对稠林矶北斗/GPS双频差分信标台系统及其定位精度进行研究分析的基础上,将其与无验潮水深测量技术相结合。本文的主要研究工作与结论如下：(1)详细阐述了多星座GNSS的定位基础,对北斗/GPS的星座结构、信号特征、坐标系统以及时间系统进行了比较。分析了伪距与载波差分定位模型以及观测值组合模型的特点。介绍了无验潮水深测量的基本原理,并与传统的人工验潮方式进行了误差对比。(2)对稠林矶北斗/GPS双频差分信标台系统组成及其平面定位精度进行了测试分析。阐述了信标差分定位的原理,详细介绍了稠林矶北斗/GPS双频差分信标台系统概况及其关键技术,采用与信标台基准站距离不同的三个测试点对该系统的平面定位精度及信号覆盖范围进行测试,测试结果表明其平面定位精度在lm以内,信号覆盖范围能够达到300km；并在高动态环境下测试了信标差分高速率动态定位性能,测试结果表明在动态情况下,其平面误差仍能够满足优于lm的平面定位精度。因此稠林矶北斗/GPS双频差分信标台能够满足无验潮水深测量的平面定位精度要求。(3)利用事后长基线解算的方式为无验潮水深测量提供优于10cm的高程定位精度。在数据预处理阶段,分别对北斗/GPS双系统在时空统一等方面进行了分析,介绍了抗差自适应Kalman滤波的原理,并通过实验验证了抗差自适应卡尔曼滤波在抵御粗差等方面的可靠性。针对实际情况,提出了一种针对不同基线长度,并顾及对流层延迟误差的基线解算方法,分别选择CORS站中不同长度的基线,采用静态数据模拟动态处理的方式进行解算,算例结果表明在250km基线长度范围内,其高程方向能够达到优于10cm的解算结果。为了验证实际情况下的解算效果,采用一组实测数据与信标台基准站组成基线进行解算,解算结果表明该方法能够应用于实际测量情况中。因此利用提出的事后长基线解算的方式,在相应基线长度范围内,能够满足无验潮水深测量的高程定位精度要求。(4)构建了一套基于北斗/GPS双频差分信标台的无验潮水深测量系统,即利用信标台提供平面定位精度,再利用事后长基线数据处理的方法提供满足规范要求的高程定位精度。介绍了该系统的外业测量设备、测量方法以及内业数据处理流程。该系统能够在稠林矶北斗/GPS双频差分信标台信号覆盖250km范围内进行无验潮水深测量,为目前长江内河航道的无验潮水深测量提供了一种新的作业方式。更多还原

【Abstract】 With development and improvement of the global GNSS satellite navigation and positioning technology, At present, when we measure the water depth in the Yangtze river channel, due to the effect of some factors, it is difficult to select effective ways in the Yangtze river channel to check the non-tidal depth measurement. With the built of CLJ BDS/GPS dual frequency differential beacon system, it’s provided a new measurement method for the Yangtze River Waterway non-tidal deep measurements. This paper is based on the research of CLJ BDS/GPS dual frequency differential beacon systems. It will be applied to deep non-tidal measurement. The main research work and conclusions are as follows:(1) The basis of multi-constellation GNSS positioning is elaborated. BDS/GPS’s constellation structure, the signal characteristics, the coordinate system and the system is analyzed and compared. The traditional pseudo-range and carrier differential positioning model and the characteristics of the observed value combined model are analyzed. The basic principles of non-tidal depth measurements and tide with traditional manual methods were analyzed and the error is compared.(2) BDS/GPS dual frequency differential beacon is the first area of the Yangtze River Waterway BDS/GPS differential beacon. The principle of differential positioning beacon is described. The composition and its key technologies BDS/GPS dual frequency differential beacon system are introduced in detail. Three test points are used to test plane positioning accuracy. The test results show that its plane positioning accuracy was better than 1m, its Signal is coverage of 300km The beacon differential high speed dynamic positioning performance is tested in the highly dynamic environment. The test results show that the flat-screen error is still able to meet the plane positioning accuracy better than lm. So CLJ BDS/GPS dual frequency differential beacon is able to meet the accuracy of non-tidal depth measurement’s plane positioning.(3) Later use of high-precision long baseline solver way can provide superior than 10cm for non-Tidal deep measurement’s height datum. In the data preprocessing stage, the BDS/GPS dual system of space-time unity and cycle slip detection are analyzed. The robust adaptive Kalman filter principle is introduced. And verified by experiment the robust adaptive Kalman filtering reliability. For the actual situation, a tropospheric delay error and taking into account the length of the baseline solution method is presented. The results show that:by the way of static data is simulated to dynamic process, its elevation positioning accuracy is able to achieve better than 10cm of height positioning accuracy. So taking advantage of the proposed long afterwards baseline solution in a manner can satisfies the deep measurement without tidal elevation positioning accuracy.(4) Non-tidal deep measurement system based on BDS/GPS dual frequency differential beacons is constructed. Firstly beacon provides flat-screen positioning accuracy, re-use afterwards baseline data processing method provides elevation positioning accuracy. The system of outside the industry measurement equipment, measurement methods and data processing within the industry is introduced. The system is capable of measuring non-tidal deep within the CLJ BDS/GPS dual frequency differential beacon signal coverage 250km range. Bathymetry currently Yangtze inland waterway provides a new measurement.更多还原