【作者】 周勇；

【导师】 冯钢；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 社会学， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 以乡村生源减少为背景,以优化教育资源、提高教育质量、缩小城乡教育之间的差距为目的,在本世纪初国家实行了“撤点并校”政策,自此,全国大规模的撤并行动席卷全国。那么,新生成的大规模乡村合并学校是否缓解了乡村小规模学校“空心化”的趋势呢?教育资源是否得到了优化?教学质量是否得到了提高?城乡教育之间的差距是否缩小?乡村学校的师生是否真的留得住?针对一系列问题,本研究以河口学校为研究对象,以田野调查作为研究方式,通过参与观察、深入访谈以及文献研究等方法进行了深入的研究与分析。研究认为,乡村学校学生生源的减少是必然趋势,这主要是因为计划生育的限制使得乡村适龄儿童逐年减少,加之近些年来农民工携孩子进城务工也使得乡村生源向务工城市出现了大量转移。乡村合并学校形成之后也出现了“空心化,,的趋势,一批有着自己孩子的中年教师最先流走,他们渴求在县城里面找到教学质量更好的学校。中年教师的流走使得乡村合并学校的教师在年龄上呈现出两极分化,严重影响了学校的教学质量。另外,学生面临着乡村合并学校上学成本的增加及教学质量下降的现实,部分家庭经济状况较好的学生尤其是优生被转到了城镇学校上学。同时,整个恶化的教学环境也使得一部分孩子出现了厌学、辍学的现象,整个乡村合并学校最终只剩下了经济条件较差的优秀学生和部分学习成绩较差的学生。乡村合并学校出现的中年教师与学生双流失的现象加速着乡村合并学校走向“空心化”。乡村合并学校的“空心化”使得教育资源出现了巨大浪费、乡村学生的社会化受阻、社会底层转接并校代价及乡村文花的断裂等一系列问题。这些问题又将乡村社会推向了另一个极端,最终带来的是整个乡村的衰落与“空心化”,而以“教育机会均等”为原则的多元化办学路线是未来乡村教育可能的出路。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to optimize educational resources, improve the quality of education and minimize the gap between urban an rural education,China began to withdrawal teaching points and combine schools at the beginning of this century. Since then, the national-scale merging action swept the whole country. However,does the action alleviate the "hollowing-ouf" trend? Does educational resources has been optimized? Whether the quality of teaching has been improved? And are the gap between urban and rural education being narrowed? All these questions are about to be discussed. This article intends to research and analyze those mentioned issues via a field research of Hekou School.This study suggest that because of the "family planning policy",reduction of rural students’number is inevitable. What’s more,many rural students went to the city with their rural migrant parents. A number of middle-aged teachers left for cities, and this makes the combined rural schools hollowing out,which has a terrible effect on the quality of those combined rural schools. In addition,the flop of school forced the students whose family has better economic situations to transfer to the town school. At the same time,the deterioration of the entire teaching environment also makes some children feeling weary,and some will drop out. All these things contribute to the hollowing of combined rural schools.Combination of rural schools leads to dramatic waste of educational resources, together with some other social problems,such as rural students’socialization been blocked and scission of rural cultures etc. All these problems pushed the rural community to another extreme situation,and makes the villages hollowing out in the end. Pluralism in running schools maybe the possible way-out for those rural communities.更多还原