【作者】 雷丽娜；

【导师】 陶明星；

【作者基本信息】 湖南大学 ， 语言学及应用语言学， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 新闻发言人既要通过记者成功地传递出想要传播的信息,同时也要考虑国家利益,比如保护国家机密等,其语言使用极具策略性。许多从语言学角度对外交部新闻发布会的研究主要集中于发言人的答语,尤其是发言人回答记者问题时所采取的语用策略,但多以语用原则比如合作原则,礼貌原则和关联理论为理论框架,没能很好地解释目的冲突时新闻发言人对记者“敏感且尖锐”问题的回答策略,所以本文拟从目的角度对此进行深层次分析。本文采用目的原则及其分析框架对二零一四年全年的新闻发言人答记者问语料进行了分析,首先对发言人与记者之间的目的互动类型进行分析,然后讨论了发言人处于与记者不同目的关系时所采取的应答策略,着重研究当发言人与记者目的冲突时发言人所采取的应答策略。研究结果表明,发言人与记者之间的目的互动类型有四种,即目的采纳,目的搁置,目的忽略,目的拒绝,分别占72%,10%,14%,4%；当目的一致时发言人所采取的应答策略有直接合作和间接合作(分别占41%和59%)；当目的冲突时发言人所采取的应答策略有间接回避(86%)和直接回避(14%),其中间接回避策略有三种：转化焦点,含糊应答和“踢皮球”策略,分别占58%,37%和5%,本文主要对使用频率最高的“转化焦点”策略进行了解释。本文通过运用目的原则来分析外交部发言人答记者问,拓展了目的原则的适用范围,为发言人答记者问策略分析提供了新的理论研究视角,同时,其研究结果不仅能为我国外交部发言人答记者问提供参考,而且对各级政府部门发言人答记者问有所借鉴。更多还原

【Abstract】 The spokesperson not only needs to release the information through the journalists. At the same time, he also needs to take the national interests such as to protect the state secrets into consideration. The language of the spokesperson is highly strategic. A number of studies on the Press Conference from the aspect of linguistics have mainly devoted to the response strategies especially based on pragmatic principles, such as Co-operative Principle, the Politeness Principle and the Relevance Principle. But these studies fail to explain the distribution of the response strategies adopted by the spokesperson, especially response strategies to sensitive and sharp questions in goal-conflicting situations. Therefore, the thesis attempts to analyze the response strategies adopted by the spokesperson deeply and comprehensively from the aspect of goals pragmatically.Based on the Principle of Goal-direction and its theoretical framework, the author makes a tentative analysis of the data about the Foreign Ministry Spokesperson’s Regular Press Conferences which include the whole year of 2014. Based on the elaborative analysis of the data, firstly, the goal interaction types of the journalist and the spokesperson are analyzed. Then the response strategies adopted by the spokesperson in different goal relations are elaborated, especially strategies adopted in goal-conflicting situations. The research results show that the goal interaction types between the spokesperson and the journalist are the goal-adopted interaction, goal-put-aside interaction, goal-ignored interaction and goal-refused interaction which accounts for 72%,10%,14% and 4% respectively. In goal-convergent relation, the response strategies adopted by the spokesperson are cooperating directly and cooperating indirectly which accounts for 41% and 59% individually. While in goal-conflicting relation, the strategies of avoiding directly (14%) and avoiding indirectly (86%) are adopted. Under the strategy of avoiding indirectly, there are switching the topic, vague responses and "Ti piu qiu" strategy which takes up 58%,37% and 5%. The thesis gives an explanation of the most frequent response strategy (switching the topic).The thesis enriches the Principle of Goal-direction in the field of Foreign Ministry Spokesperson’s Regular Press Conferences which offers a new perspective to study the response strategies adopted by the spokesperson. Besides, it is not only conducive in providing suggestions and references for the spokesperson in Regular Press Conferences to give responses to the journalist’s questions, but also helpful to the spokesperson in all levels of the government to respond to the questions of the journalist.更多还原