【作者】 孙琪；

【导师】 任桂琴；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁师范大学 ， 基础心理学， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 汉语作为声调语言(tone language),在语音构成上存在独特的特点。汉语词汇的语义信息既负载在音段信息上(如元音、辅音),也负载在超音段信息上(如声调),而且音段信息与超音段信息之间存在很小的共变性。就声调而言,汉语普通话中包含四个声调,按照音韵可以将其分为:高平调(T1),中声调(T2),降声调(T3)和全降调(T4)。并且不同的声调在声学特征上存在不同的相似程度(Xu,1997)。本研究针对汉语普通话不同声调在声学特征上存在不同相似程度的特点,通过ERP的方法和被动的oddball范式考察成人和幼儿在前注意加工阶段对汉语普通话不同声调的辨别加工,以揭示词汇声调不同相似度的变化对成人和幼儿前注意加工阶段的影响。为了避免词汇的语义、频率、地位等因素的影响,与标准音节词汇声调对应的音高非语音(hummed)版本在实验中被使用。该研究通过两个实验完成以下实验条件的对比:音节一三声调T1/T3;音高一三声调T1/T3;音节二三声调T2/T3;音高二三声调T2/T3。其中标准刺激和偏差刺激呈现的概率分别为90%,10%。结果发现,音节T1/T3和音高T1/T3在成人和幼儿中均引发出了失匹配负波(MMN),音节T2/T3和音高T2/T3只有在成人被试中引发出了MMN。在成人和幼儿中由音节和音高T1/T3引发的MMN的平均波幅要显著高于由音节和音高T2/T3引发的MMN的平均波幅。研究结果表明,在前注意加工阶段成人对汉语普通话声调的辨别加工主要表现为大脑左半球的加工优势,而幼儿则主要表现为大脑右半球的加工优势。更多还原

【Abstract】 Chinese is a tone language,which main characteristic is reflected by spoken word phonological information.The semantic meanings of Chinese words are carried both by segmental information(such as vowels and consonants)as well as suprasegmental information(such as tone).Besides there is very little co-variation between segmental and suprasegmental information.Mandarin contains four tones,and in accordance with the phonological it can be divided: high level tones(T1),tone(T2),falling tone(T3)and the whole tone(T4).And that there are different tones on the acoustic characteristics of different similarity(Xu,1997).This study aimed at mandarin tone on the acoustic characteristics of the different characteristics of different similarity,using the method of ERP and passive oddball paradigm to investigate the processing of different tones of Mandarin Chinese in the pre-attention stage of adults and children to reveal the influence of different similarity degree of lexical tones on the processing stage of adult and preschool children.In order to avoid the influence of lexical semantics,frequency,and other factors,the non phonetic Version(hummed)corresponding to the tone of the standard syllable is used in the experiment.There are two experiments in this study,each of which contains the following experimental conditions: Syllable 13 tone T1 / T3;Pitch 13 tone T1 / T3;Syllable 23 tone T2 / T3;Pitch 23 tone T2 / T3.The probability of standard stimulus and deviation stimulus were 90% and 10% respectively.It was found that the syllable T1/T3 and pitch T1/T3 in both adults and young children were cited by the mismatch negativity(MMN),the syllable T2/T3 and the pitch T2/T3 only in adults were subjects cited in the MMN.The average amplitude of MMN in adults and young children caused by syllable and pitch T1/T3 was significantly higher than that of the average amplitude of MMN induced by T2/T3 and pitch.The results show that,in the pre-attention processing stage,the processing of Mandarin tones in adults is mainly processed by the left hemisphere of the brain,but children are mainly manifested in the right hemisphere of the brain processing advantages.更多还原