再分配之正义性探究

【作者】 赵琳；

【导师】 刘玉贤；

【作者基本信息】 昆明理工大学 ， 经济哲学， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 分配作为经济活动的重要环节不仅关系到整个国家的经济能否顺利运行,而且与每个个体的幸福生活休戚相关,因而直接影响整个社会的和谐安定。当今世界,各国都在不同的程度上通过调节财富再分配的方式来实现平等,但是理论界对于再分配制度是否具有正义性还存在分歧,因此,笔者认为非常有必要在理论上为再分配制度的正义性做出论证。本文将从罗尔斯与诺齐克关于分配正义观的分歧出发开始论题的探究,罗尔斯分配正义观的核心是差别原则,该原则在强调自由的同时提倡以平等为根基的再分配,诺齐克以自由为基础倡导绝对的市场分配,他反对任何意义上的再分配,提出了以市场为主导的分配正义原则——资格理论。罗尔斯与诺齐克的理论针锋相对且争论涉及到了分配正义原则的核心——自由与平等,因此,本文选择以他二者的分歧作为切入点来探讨再分配的正义性。本文首先详细地介绍了罗尔斯与诺齐克各自的分配正义观,通过探究他二者分配正义观的分歧,笔者发现,罗尔斯与诺齐克理论分歧的重点在于再分配是否具有正义性,而再分配正义性的实质在于分配活动本身所固有的自由与平等之间对立统一的关系,从探究他二者的分歧中笔者已经引出了这个问题,并在下一步的论证中证明了自由与平等的兼容：自由与平等不仅不对立,相反,自由想要实现自身必须将平等包含于其中,二者都是分配制度得以维持其自身正义性的核心。本文进一步通过博弈论的方法对分配问题进行研究,研究结果表明自由与平等二者的兼容是具有现实可行性的,紧接着,笔者通过对正义概念演进过程的梳理发现——分配正义越来越重视以平等为核心的再分配。最后,笔者通过探究马克思的分配正义观进一步为再分配的正义性提供理论支撑,这个探究表明,早在自由主义学者质疑平等侵犯自由之前,马克思就已经揭露了资本主义语义背景下自由和平等的虚伪性,通过分析,笔者发现,再分配是共产主义第一阶段必要的分配制度,周期性的经济危机、自由资本的破产、再分配制度在全球范围内的推广已经证明了再分配制度在实践领域的必要性。上述论证从不同角度得出同一个结论：从侵犯自由的角度质疑再分配之正义性是缺乏理论根据的,再分配是实现自由与平等兼容的必要途径。更多还原

【Abstract】 The redistribution system which emphasizes equality is the main way to dominate the world’s wealth distribution, but this system do not have a strong theoretical arguments, and this will definitely lead to difficulties in practice. So, it is very important to solve this plight.From analyses the controversy between Rawls and Nozick’s theory,this dissertation intend to explore the justice of redistribution deeply,the reason why chosen these two professors is that their argument reveals the core of the proposition. Equality is core of Rawls’s theory and freedom is the core of Nozick’s, their controversy is very significant. Nozick’s critique is very broad, from Rawls’s premise to his process of argumentation finally to the completion, Nozick criticized them exhaustively, but the criticism to Rawls is not reasonable. By analyzing the criticism of Nozick, this dissertation prove that the redistribution system is not only justice but also necessary.After research the difference of Rawls’s theory and Nozicks’, this dissertation found that equality is one of the connotations of freedom,they are not contradictory, on the contrary, equality is the premises to freedom, they can coexist. In addition, this dissertation through research of Game Theory find that:freedom and equality are not opposite theoretically. Freedom want achieve itself must contain equality in practice, both them are the core of distribution system witch want to be justice. Finally, this dissertation studied the Marx’s theory of distributive justice. Marx has revealed the hypocrisy of the capitalist system witch claims the core of it’s system is freedom. Marx claim that the capitalist system violated the freedom of the proletariat, so, the distribution system of it is not justice.All the demonstration witch from different aspects will come to the same conclusion:Against the redistribution system by the reason of violate freedom is lack of theory basis, so, it is not reasonable.更多还原