【作者】 高岩；

【导师】 马跃；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 机械工程（专业学位）， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 紧固件大量应用于各种机械产品与装备,其中高端紧固件连接在风电、核电、高铁、航空航天等重要领域的使用愈加广泛。高端紧固件是指采用特殊材料、制造工艺等技术手段以获得更高的机械性能,从而克服恶劣工况,应用在特殊的机械设备上的紧固。本文针对高端紧固件的紧固工艺技术,以紧固控制及紧固测试理论为基础,通过对影响紧固装配效果的各种因素的分析,从改变拧紧过程中扭矩-转角的分配等变量入手进行试验方案设计,在满足试验要求的前提下进行了紧固工艺试验台的设计,并进行选型、校核及可靠性分析,最终确定了试验的可行性并给出了试验方案。其中紧固工艺从以下三个方面着手：紧固工具、紧固控制方法和紧固顺序。紧固工具的传感器集成度和自动化程度决定了可选用的紧固控制方法,紧固控制方法在追求更高精度的同时也要求紧固工具提升至更先进的水平；而紧固顺序与紧固工具的数量息息相关,紧固工具越多,工序越简单,整体设备越复杂,成本越高。紧固测试技术方面论述了三个重要项目的测量：扭矩-转角-转速、预紧力和伸长量。扭矩-转角-转速是进行扭矩-转角控制必要的测试量；而预紧力对被连接件的性能有直接影响,各种紧固工艺本质上就是为了获得更加精确、均匀的预紧力。并且还开发了基于垫圈式压力传感器的LabVIEW程序来获取预紧力的变化情况。伸长量直观反映了预紧力的大小,通过对预紧力和伸长量离散度的综合分析,可以判别所选用的紧固工艺优劣。试验台的设计首先分析了试件组成部分及结构,根据研究对象及进行试验的需求来确定试验台的运动及功能,并且借鉴了龙门机床的常用结构来完成试验台最初的设计,再从关键零部件入手计算、校核完成了选型,确定了试件的安装、试验台的驱动、传动及控制系统,从整体到部分完成试验台及紧固工艺技术试验的方案设计。更多还原

【Abstract】 Fasteners are widely used in all kinds of machinery and equipment. Wherein the high-end fasteners in important areas such as wind power, nuclear power, high-speed rail and aerospace are even more widespread. High-end fasteners refer to the fasteners use of special materials, manufacturing processes and other technical means to obtain higher mechanical properties, thereby overcoming the adverse conditions, which on special machinery and equipment high-end fasteners are applied. Aiming at high-end fasteners tightening control and test theories, by a variety of factors that influence the effect of the tightening assembly analysis, from changing the tightening process variables such as torque-angle distribution to design the test, under the premise to meet the test requirements of fastening technology. A test bench is designed by selection, check and reliability analysis, and ultimately the test feasibility is confirmed and the test program is given.Wherein the fastening processes are commenced from the following three aspects: fastening tools, tightening control methods and tightening sequence. Sensors integration and automation of fastening tools determine the choice of tightening control methods, and tightening control methods in the pursuit of more accurate also requires fastening tools to upgrading to a more advanced level. While the quantity of fastening tools is closely related to the tightening sequence. The more tightening tools, the simpler the tightening sequence, the more the overall cost of the equipment.In fastening testing technology three important items measures are discussed:torque angel-rotation speed, preload and elongation. Torque-angel-rotation speed is a necessary item in the use of torque-angle control method. Preload has a direct impact on the performance of joints, various fastening processes are essentially in order to obtain a more accurate and uniform preload. And a LabVIEW program is developed based on the gasket type pressure sensor to obtain the preload changes. Elongation visually reflects the magnitude of preload. Comprehensive analysis of preload and elongation dispersion can determine advantages and disadvantages of the chosen fastening technology.Firstly, the test bench design analyzes the structure and components of the test piece. According to the needs of the study object and the experiment, the movement and function of the test bench are determined. And according to the usual structure of gantry machine the test bench initial design is completed. Then the key parts of the bench are selected by calculation and check. Consequently, the installation of the test piece and driving, transmission and control system of the test bench are designed. So the test bench from whole to parts and testing program are finished.更多还原