【作者】 王巧玲；

【导师】 杨光； 杜继润；

【作者基本信息】 河北科技大学 ， 机械工程（专业学位）， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 3D打印技术在口腔医学领域获得了广泛应用,以隐形矫治和种植导板数字化设计为代表的3D打印与口腔医学融合的技术研究逐渐成为热点。但是,目前隐形矫治过程中使用的牙颌模型多是以牙冠模型为研究对象,未纳入牙根和颌骨,这种不完善的矫治方法可能会导致牙根不平行、牙根外露等隐患的产生,影响正畸效果;同时,种植导板的数字化设计也依赖于包含牙根及颌骨的整合数字模型的重构。包含牙根及颌骨的整合数字模型重构技术已成为口腔医学数字化技术所要解决的关键技术之一。本文采用CT技术与逆向工程等技术对包含牙根及颌骨的整合数字模型重构技术进行了研究,并将其应用于隐形矫治及数字化种植导板设计方面,提高了其设计准确性。首先,本文总结了牙颌模型的数据采集方法,探讨了牙根、颌骨与牙冠不同的三维数据获取方式:利用CT采集牙根模型及颌骨数据,通过光学扫描获取牙冠数据。其次,分别研究了牙根、颌骨和牙冠三维模型的重建方法和配准技术。利用Mimics软件,通过调节图像的窗宽窗位以及阈值分割,利用最大方差阈值方法,重建牙根及颌骨的三维模型;在Geomagic软件的支持下,应用特征点拼接及全局自动配准技术相结合的方法,使牙冠模型、牙根模型及颌骨模型进行了最佳拟合,实现三维整合牙颌的建立。然后,在隐形矫治方面,利用对象移动器及三角面片修补技术使三维整合牙颌模型实现单颗牙齿的分割移动,通过单颗牙齿在三维空间移动变换的原理,应用软件实现了虚拟排牙设计。最后,在种植方面,利用3shape公司的种植系统,选定种植体的大小并将种植体在CT数据全方位的显示情况下移动到合适的位置,确定种植体的方位;选取结合面,利用加厚等功能形成包含种植信息的种植导板。根据种植体的大小以及配件之间相互配合的公差等信息,对导板配件进行了设计。通过三维整合牙颌模型重建技术的研究,实现了包含牙根和颌骨信息的隐形矫治,为避免矫正过程中可能出现的牙根外露、牙根不平行等情况的发生,提供了解决的方法;同时,成功的设计出含有种植体位置、方向、深度等信息的种植导板,为种植手术提高了简单、准确的定位方法,为以后的临床试验奠定了基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 The 3D printing technology has been widely used in the field of stomatology.Based on the 3D printing and stomatology,the research of integrated technology has gradually been a hot spot in the areas of the invisalign and design of implant surgical guide.However,the dental models used in invisalign process mostly are crown models for the study,not included in the teeth roots and jaws.This imperfect treatment may result in some hidden dangers,such as teeth roots non-parallelism,fenestration,which will impact orthodontic effect.Meanwhile,the digital design of implant surgical guide also depends on the reconstruction of 3D integrating model containing jaws and teeth roots.The reconstruction technique of 3D integrating model containing jaws and teeth roots has been one of the key technologies to solve the digital oral medical technology.By using the CT technology and reverse engineering technology,the reconstruction technique of 3D integrating model containing jaws and teeth roots is studied and the integrated models are applied to the invisalign and design of implant surgical guide.The design accuracy is improved by using the integrated models.Firstly,the data acquisition methods of dental models is summarized.The different acquisition ways which obtained three-dimensional data of the teeth roots,jaws and crowns are explored.The data of root models and jaw models is collected by using the CT,and the data of crown models is obtained by the optical scanning.Secondly,the reconstruction method and the registration technology are studied for 3D models of the teeth roots,jaws and crowns.3D integrating model containing jaws and teeth roots is reconstructed in mimics software,by adjusting the image window width and position and the thresholding,and by using the maximum variance threshold method.With the support of the Geomagic software,by using the method of the application feature point stitching combined with the automatic registration of global technology,the crown models,the root models and the jaw models is conducted the best fitting.3D integrating model containing jaws and teeth roots is reconstructed.Thirdly,in the invisalign,by using the object mover and the triangular faces repair technology,3D integrating model containing jaws and teeth roots is achieved to separate and move a single tooth.Under the principle of the removal transformation of a single tooth in the three dimensional space,the virtual treatment of software applications is realized.Finally,in the implant prosthesis,using the implant system of 3-shape Company,the size of the implant is selected.The implant is moved to the right place in the conditionof CT data fully displayed,and the orientation of the implant is determined.The joint surface is selected.The implant surgical guide which contains implanting information is formed by thickening and other functions.Based on the size of the implant and the tolerances of mutual cooperation between the parts and other information,the parts of the guides are designed.Through the research of reconstruction technology of 3D integrating model containing jaws and teeth roots,the invisalign which contained the information of the roots and the jaws is achieved,which provided the solution for avoiding the roots non-parallelism and exposure of the teeth roots in the invisalign process.Meanwhile,the implant surgical guide is designed which contains the information of the position,direction,and depth of the implant,which improves a simple,accurate positioning method for implant surgery and lays the foundation for the future clinical trials.更多还原