【作者】 周浩；

【导师】 李启彬；

【作者基本信息】 西南交通大学 ， 环境科学与工程， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 随着我国社会经济的发展,城市化进程的加快,人民的生活水平得到了提高,但随之而来的是城市生活垃圾的排放量也在迅速增涨,垃圾的处理与处置成为我国一项主要的环境问题。在过去数十年中甚至现在,卫生填埋仍是我国生活垃圾处理的主要方式。对于传统卫生填埋场而言,将垃圾同外界环境隔离开来,从而减少污染物的产生和排放是其主导思想,这种操作方式使填埋场中的各种反应都处于完全失控状态,管理人员只能采取被动的措施来运行和管理填埋场。本课题分别应用好氧、准好氧及厌氧填埋结构,通过相同的回灌频率、模拟降雨并结合实验体系的液相指标进行综合分析处理,对原位回灌下不同类型的生物反应器填埋场中渗滤液的水质特性进行研究。研究结果表明：相对于好氧型和准好氧型填埋场而言,厌氧型生物反应器填埋场中垃圾的分解速率相对较慢,渗滤液中有机污染物的浓度会长期保持在较高的水平,同时氨氮浓度较高,但是后期氯离子以及一些重金属离子的浓度会降到很低的水平。好氧型生物反应器填埋场采用间歇式动力供氧,使垃圾发生好氧分解,降解速率快,渗滤液中有机污染物的浓度下降的速度很快,COD去除率达到97.3%,氨氮的浓度也很低,去除率为99.9%,但其中重金属的浓度和硝酸根离子,以及碳酸根离子的浓度会长期居高不下。准好氧生物反应器填埋场中,由于自然通风,使得垃圾体中同时存在好氧、厌氧和兼氧区域,其渗滤液的污染特征及变化趋势介于好氧填埋场和厌氧填埋场之间,初期渗滤液有机污染浓度高,但下降趋势非常明显,VFA去除率达到99.2%,COD去除率达到98.3%。而且准好氧型生物反应器填埋场能更快地进入渗滤液有机污染物浓度快速下降的阶段,特别是氨氮的去除效果显著,达到99.9%。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of our social economy, the speeding up of urbanization, people’s living standards improved, but the resulting is also in the rapid growth of urban living garbage emissions, waste treatment and disposal to become a major environmental problem in China. Even now, in the past dozens of years sanitary landfill is still the main mode of living garbage disposal in China. For traditional sanitary landfill, isolates garbage with the external environment, thus reducing pollutants and emissions is the dominant idea, this way of operating the landfill in various reactions are completely out of control state, managers can only passive measures for operation and management of landfill site. This topic with aerobic respectively, aerobic and anaerobic landfill structure, through the same frequency, simulated rainfall recharge based on comprehensive analysis of the experimental system of liquid index, the in-situ injection under different types of water quality characteristics of leachate in bioreactor landfill were studied.The results show that compared with the aerobic type and quasi aerobic landfill, type anaerobic bioreactor landfill waste decomposition rate is relatively slow, the concentration of the organic pollutants in landfill leachate will maintain at a high level for a long time, at the same time with high ammonia nitrogen, but the concentration of chloride ions and some heavy metal ions will be late to very low levels.Aerobic type bioreactor landfill site adopting dynamic oxygen, garbage aerobic decomposition, decomposition rate is fast, the concentration of the organic pollutants in landfill leachate are falling fast, COD removal rate reached 97.3%, the concentration of ammonia nitrogen is low, the removal rate of 99.9%, but the concentrations of heavy metals and nitrate ions, and the concentration of carbonate ions will be high for a long time.Quasi aerobic bioreactor landfill, the natural ventilation, makes waste in the body at the same time there are aerobic, anaerobic and oxygen area, the pollution characteristics of leachate and the change trend between aerobic and anaerobic landfill site landfill site, the early leachate organic pollution concentration is high, but the downward trend is very obvious, and VFA removal rate reached 99.2%, COD removal rate reached 98.3%. Type and quasi aerobic bioreactor landfill can more quickly into the leachate organic pollutants concentration in the stage of rapid decline, especially ammonia nitrogen removal effect is remarkable, at 99.9%.更多还原