【作者】 杨磊；

【导师】 淮建利；

【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 ， 法律硕士（法学）（专业学位）， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 未成年人的健康发展不仅关系着是一个家庭的幸福美满,更关系着国家、民族的未来和希望,审理涉及未成年人的民事侵权案件是基层人民法院审判工作的重要组成部分。鉴于未成年人主体身份的特殊性以及诉讼能力的缺失,为了维护未成年人的合法权益,应该为未成年人设置专门的民事诉讼原则和程序。但是我国对于涉及未成年人民事权益的诉讼一直套用普通民事诉讼模式,在审判实务中出现了一系列问题,笔者借助在基层人民法院一线工作的优势,总结平顶山市辖区十个基层法院近三年来涉及未成年人的民事侵权案件的相关司法统计数据,按照“是什么-为什么-怎么做”的逻辑思路进行研究写作,以期对涉及未成年人的民事侵权案件做一个简单的梳理,找出该类案件在审判中所存在的问题并在基层法院视角下提出解决问题的合理化建议,以促进基层人民法院更好的进行审判工作,更好的维护未成年人的合法权益。论文共分为四个部分,第一部分主要是介绍本文的写作目的和意义,国内学界对于涉及未成年人的民事侵权案件的研究现状、相关国内立法情况以及本文的主要写作思路和脉络。第二部分用具体数据来介绍研究样本的相关情况;与本文有关的核心概念及案件分类;通过样本数据分析总结审判实务中涉及未成年人的民事侵权案件所呈现出来的类型化特点;典型案件中的未成年人致人损害案件发生侵权之原因分析:未成年人自身的原因和外部原因。第三部分主要是提出审判实务中涉及未成年人的民事侵权案件的一些典型案例和存在的问题。主要涉及未成年人民事责任能力的规定;监护人和被监护人就赔偿受害人损失问题在审判实务中如何解决;未成年人致人损害案件监护人诉讼地位问题;未成年人侵权案件中的“公平责任”问题和法官的自由裁量权问题;家事案件中易忽视未成年人合法权益等。第四部分是在基层法院的视角下,提出解决涉及未成年人的民事侵权案件在诉讼中所存在问题的合理化对策及减少此类案件的相关预防措施:立法部门从实体法和程序法上解决立法不足、司法部门发挥主动积极性,突破普通民事诉讼模式,以未成年人利益最大化原则完善审判机制改革、社会各界承担起应有的责任以预防、减少此类案件的发生。更多还原

【Abstract】 The healthy development of minors is not only related to a happy family, but also the relationship between the country and the nation’s future and hope, cases involving minors tort cases is an important part of the work of grassroots people’s courts. Given the absence of the special nature of the proceedings and the ability of minors subject identity, in order to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of minors, should set up a special civil action principles and procedures for the minors. But our people do for proceedings involving minors has been applied to ordinary civil rights model, a series of issues in the trial practice, with the advantage of the author in frontline grassroots people’s courts, summed Pingdingshan City area ten-level courts in nearly three years involving minors in civil infringement cases related to judicial statistics, in accordance with the "What- Why- how do" logical thinking to study writing, of involving minors in civil infringement cases do a simple sort, to find the in the trial of such cases the problems and propose solutions to the problem of rationalization proposals in the perspective of grassroots courts, in order to promote grass-roots people’s court trial work better and better safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of minors.Thesis is divided into four parts, the first part is to introduce the purpose and significance of this writing, the status of domestic academic research on underage people Torte cases, writing the main ideas and context of national legislation and described herein. The second part describes the use of specific data related to the case study sample; herein relating to the core concepts and case classification; summary trial practice involving minors tort cases the presentation of the characteristics of the type of data analysis through the sample; typical cases Cause of the damage caused by a minor infringement cases occurred analysis: minors own reasons and external reasons. The third part is to propose the trial practice involving minors tort cases some typical cases and problems. The main provisions of the Civil Liability involving minors; guardian and the guardian will pay the victims loss how to solve the problem in the trial practice; the damage caused by a minor case litigation guardian status; minor infringement cases in the "Equitable Responsibility " discretion problem issues and judges; family cases easy to ignore legitimate rights and interests of minors. The fourth part is in the perspective of grassroots courts, and propose solutions involving minors tort cases problems that exist in the trial rationalization measures: from the legislative branch to resolve the lack of substantive and procedural law legislative, judiciary take a proactive initiative, breakthrough ordinary civil mode to maximize the interests of minors, the principle of sound judgment mechanism reform, the community to assume their responsibilities and take effective measures to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of real minors.更多还原